I swear I'm sleeping

Define a sequence { a n } \lbrace a_{n} \rbrace by the linear reccurence a n = 5 a n 1 6 a n 2 a_{n} = 5a_{n-1}-6a_{n-2} , with a 1 = 8 a_{1} = 8 and a 2 = 21 a_{2} = 21 .

Find a 6001 ( m o d 7 ) a_{6001} \pmod{7} .


The answer is 1.

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1 solution

Jake Lai
Jun 27, 2015

{ a n } \lbrace a_{n} \rbrace has the characteristic polynomial x 2 5 x + 6 = ( x 2 ) ( x 3 ) x^{2}-5x+6 = (x-2)(x-3) with, clearly, zeroes x = 2 , 3 x = 2,3 . As such, we have a closed form for a n = c 1 2 n + c 2 3 n a_{n} = c_{1}2^{n}+c_{2}3^{n} , where c 1 , c 2 c_{1},c_{2} are constants.

We then have a 1 = 2 c 1 + 3 c 2 = 8 a_{1} = 2c_{1}+3c_{2} = 8 and a 2 = 4 c 1 + 9 c 2 = 21 a_{2} = 4c_{1}+9c_{2} = 21 ; solving the system of equations gives us c 1 = 3 2 c_{1} = \frac{3}{2} and c 2 = 5 3 c_{2} = \frac{5}{3} . As such, we have the explicit formula

a n = 3 2 n 1 + 5 3 n 1 a_{n} = 3 \cdot 2^{n-1} + 5 \cdot 3^{n-1}

Thus, using Fermat's little theorem, we get

a 6001 3 2 6000 + 5 3 6000 3 1 1000 + 5 1 1000 1 ( m o d 7 ) a_{6001} \equiv 3 \cdot 2^{6000} + 5 \cdot 3^{6000} \equiv 3 \cdot 1^{1000} + 5 \cdot 1^{1000} \equiv \boxed{1} \pmod{7}

Moderator note:

Simple standard approach.

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