I wish it were a quadratic

Algebra Level 3

Find the sum of the real roots of the equation x 4 = 80 x + 36. x^4=80x+36.


The answer is 4.

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1 solution

Trevor B.
Feb 9, 2015

We can solve this with some inspired addition. Our goal should be to create squared expressions on both sides that we can manipulate. Because the degree of x x on the LHS is 4 , 4, we will be adding multiples of x 2 x^2 and integers. Thus, 80 x 80x on the RHS will not change.

Since the 80 x 80x on the RHS cannot change, the constant on the RHS must be divisible by 25. 25. Let's see what happens when we manipulate the constant on the RHS to be 100. 100. x 4 = 80 x + 36 x^4=80x+36 x 4 + 64 = 80 x + 100 x^4+64=80x+100 This looks like it will work because the constant term on both sides of the equation is the square of an integer. We can now complete the square on the LHS. x 4 + 64 = 80 x + 100 x^4+64=80x+100 x 4 + 16 x 2 + 64 = 16 x 2 + 80 x + 100 x^4+16x^2+64=16x^2+80x+100 ( x 2 + 8 ) 2 = 4 ( 4 x 2 + 20 x + 25 ) (x^2+8)^2=4(4x^2+20x+25) The RHS also factors. ( x 2 + 8 ) 2 = 4 ( 4 x 2 + 20 x + 25 ) (x^2+8)^2=4(4x^2+20x+25) ( x 2 + 8 ) 2 = ( 2 ( 2 x + 5 ) ) 2 (x^2+8)^2=(2(2x+5))^2 We can now algebraically manipulate the equation to get a difference of squares and find the full factorization of the polynomial. ( x 2 + 8 ) 2 = ( 2 ( 2 x + 5 ) ) 2 (x^2+8)^2=(2(2x+5))^2 ( x 2 + 8 ) 2 ( 2 ( 2 x + 5 ) ) 2 = 0 (x^2+8)^2-(2(2x+5))^2=0 ( ( x 2 + 8 ) + 2 ( 2 x + 5 ) ) ( ( x 2 + 8 ) 2 ( 2 x + 5 ) ) = 0 ((x^2+8)+2(2x+5))((x^2+8)-2(2x+5))=0 ( x 2 + 4 x + 18 ) ( x 2 4 x 2 ) = 0 (x^2+4x+18)(x^2-4x-2)=0 Observing the two trinomial factors leads us to see that only the second factor has real roots. By Vieta's formula, these roots have a sum of 4 . \boxed{4}.

Is it possible to solve this question without assuming the 2 real roots are integers.

Chirag Singapore - 6 years, 3 months ago

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The fact that the two real roots are not integers makes this problem non-trivial. Incidentally, the two real roots are 2 ± 6 . 2\pm\sqrt{6}.

Trevor B. - 6 years, 3 months ago

Can you explain why it was necessary for that one constant to be divisible by 25?

Ryan Tamburrino - 6 years, 4 months ago

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Sure.

We have that ( a x + b ) 2 = a x 2 + 2 a b x + b 2 = a x 2 + 80 x + b 2 . (ax+b)^2=ax^2+2abx+b^2=ax^2+80x+b^2. This implies that 2 a b x = 80 x a b = 40. 2abx=80x\Rightarrow ab=40. Since we are hoping that a a and b b are integers, one of them is divisible by 5. 5. But if a a is divisible by 5 , 5, either the LHS or the RHS will not have any possible factorization where they are the squares of some polynomial. So b b is divisible by 5. 5. This makes the constant there divisible by 25. 25.

Trevor B. - 6 years, 4 months ago

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Ah got it. Thanks!

Ryan Tamburrino - 6 years, 4 months ago

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