I wonder what A A might be

Geometry Level 2

A B C \triangle ABC is right at B B . D E DE is drawn parallel to B C BC such that A D = D B \overline{AD} = \overline{DB} . A \angle A is such that we are able to inscribe a circle in trapezoid D B C E DBCE that is tangent to all of its four sides. Find tan A \tan A


The answer is 0.75.

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4 solutions

Let A D = D B = 1 AD=DB=1 . Then D E = tan A DE=\tan A , B C = 2 tan A BC= 2\tan A , and the radius of the circle r = 1 2 r = \frac 12 . We note that

r + cot ( 9 0 A 2 ) = B C 1 2 + 1 2 cot ( 4 5 θ 2 ) = 2 tan A Let t = tan A 2 1 2 + 1 2 1 + t 1 t = 2 2 t 1 t 2 1 2 2 1 t = 4 t ( 1 + t ) ( 1 t ) . . . ( 1 ) 1 + t = 4 t t = 1 3 tan A = 2 t 1 t 2 Note (1): 1 1 t = 4 t 1 t 2 = 1 2 ( 1 t ) = 3 4 = 0.75 \begin{aligned} r + \cot \left(\frac {90^\circ - A}2 \right) & = BC \\ \frac 12 + \frac 12 \cot \left(45^\circ - \frac \theta 2 \right) & = 2\tan A & \small \blue{\text{Let }t = \tan \frac A2} \\ \frac 12 + \frac 12 \cdot \frac {1+t}{1-t} & = \frac {2 \cdot 2t}{1-t^2} \\ \frac 12 \cdot \frac 2{1-t} & = \frac {4t}{(1+t)(1-t)} & ...(1) \\ 1+t & = 4t \\ t & = \frac 13 \\ \implies \tan A & = \frac {2t}{1-t^2} & \small \blue{\text{Note (1): }\frac 1{1-t} = \frac {4t}{1-t^2}} \\\ & = \frac 1{2(1-t)} = \frac 34 = \boxed{0.75} \end{aligned}

David Vreken
Feb 7, 2021

Let A B = 1 AB = 1 and B C = x BC = x , so that we are finding tan A = B C A B = x \tan A = \frac{BC}{AB} = x .

Then by the Pythagorean Theorem on A B C \triangle ABC , A C = x 2 + 1 AC = \sqrt{x^2 + 1} .

Since A D = D B AD = DB and A B = 1 AB = 1 , A D = D B = 1 2 AD = DB = \frac{1}{2} , and since the radius of the circle is half the height of trapezoid D B C E DBCE , r = 1 4 r = \frac{1}{4} .

The radius r r of the incircle of A B C \triangle ABC is also r = 1 2 ( x + 1 x 2 + 1 ) r = \frac{1}{2}(x + 1 - \sqrt{x^2 + 1}) .

Therefore, 1 2 ( x + 1 x 2 + 1 ) = 1 4 \frac{1}{2}(x + 1 - \sqrt{x^2 + 1}) = \frac{1}{4} , and this solves to x = 0.75 x = \boxed{0.75} .

Let the radius of the circle be r = 1 r=1 and F F , G G the contact points of D E DE and E C EC with the circle, as seen in the figure. Denote F E FE by x x . Then, D E = 1 + x DE=1+x , D B = 2 DB=2 .

Since D E B C DE\parallel BC and D D is the midpoint of A B AB , it holds that B C = 2 D E = 2 + 2 x BC=2DE=2+2x .

From E E we drop E K B C EK\bot BC .

Then, E K = D B = 2 EK=DB=2 , L K = F E = x LK=FE=x , B L = D F = 1 BL=DF=1 and K C = B C B K = 1 + x KC=BC-BK=1+x . \ \

Furthermore, E G = E F = x (tangent segments) EG=EF=x \ \ \ \ \ \text{(tangent segments)} and G C = L C = L K + K C = x + ( 1 + x ) = 1 + 2 x GC=LC=LK+KC=x+(1+x)=1+2x Thus, E C = E G + G C = x + ( 1 + 2 x ) = 1 + 3 x EC=EG+GC=x+(1+2x)=1+3x

By Pythagora’s theorem on right E K C \triangle EKC , E C 2 = E K 2 + K C 2 ( 1 + 3 x ) 2 = 2 2 + ( 1 + x ) 2 2 x 2 + x 1 = 0 x > 0 x = 1 2 E{{C}^{2}}=E{{K}^{2}}+K{{C}^{2}}\Leftrightarrow {{\left( 1+3x \right)}^{2}}={{2}^{2}}+{{\left( 1+x \right)}^{2}}\Leftrightarrow 2{{x}^{2}}+x-1=0\overset{x>0}{\mathop{\Leftrightarrow }}\,x=\frac{1}{2} Consequently, tan A = tan ( C E K ) = K C E K = 1 + 1 2 2 = 0.75 \tan A=\tan \left( \angle CEK \right)=\dfrac{KC}{EK}=\dfrac{1+\frac{1}{2}}{2}=\boxed{0.75}

Richard Costen
Feb 7, 2021

Let the circle's radius be "r", for generality. Let DE = x. Then BC = 2x (midpoint theorem). By inspection, PE = x-r and EQ = PE (equal tangents). Similarly, RC = 2x-r = CQ. Thus EC = EQ + QC = (x-r) + (2x-r) = 3x-2r. By the Pythagorean theorem, AE = ( 2 r ) 2 + x 2 \sqrt{(2r)^2+x^2} . Since AE = EC, ( 2 r ) 2 + x 2 = 3 x 2 r 4 r 2 + x 2 = 9 x 2 12 x r + 4 r 2 (squaring both sides) 8 x 2 + 12 x r = 0 (simplifying) 2 x 3 r = 0 (dividing by -4x since x 0 ) x = 3 2 r \begin{aligned} \\ \sqrt{(2r)^2+x^2} & =3x-2r \\ 4r^2+x^2 & =9x^2-12xr+4r^2 \qquad \text{(squaring both sides)} \\ -8x^2+12xr & =0 \qquad \text{(simplifying)} \\ 2x-3r & =0 \qquad \text{(dividing by -4x since } x\ne 0) \\ x & =\frac32 r \\ \end{aligned} tan A = D E A D = 3 2 r 2 r = 3 4 = 0.75 \therefore \tan A = \frac{DE}{AD} = \frac{\frac32 r}{2r} = \frac34 = \boxed{0.75}

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