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Algebra Level 3

x 4 5 x 3 + 5 x 2 + 5 x 6 = 0 x^{4}-5x^{3}+5x^{2}+5x-6=0

The product of two of the real roots of the quartic equation above is 3. Find the smallest of the four real roots.


The answer is -1.

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2 solutions

Hung Woei Neoh
Jun 11, 2016

x 4 5 x 3 + 5 x 2 + 5 x 6 = 0 x^4-5x^3+5x^2+5x-6=0

Notice that the sum of coefficients = 1 5 + 5 + 5 6 = 0 =1-5+5+5-6=0

Therefore, we can say that x = 1 x=1 is a root of the equation. Factorize it out:

x 4 x 3 4 x 3 + 4 x 2 + x 2 x + 6 x 6 = 0 x 3 ( x 1 ) 4 x 2 ( x 1 ) + x ( x 1 ) + 6 ( x 1 ) = 0 ( x 1 ) ( x 3 4 x 2 + x + 6 ) = 0 x^4-x^3-4x^3+4x^2+x^2-x+6x-6=0\\ x^3(x-1)-4x^2(x-1)+x(x-1)+6(x-1)=0\\ (x-1)(x^3-4x^2+x+6)=0

Now, it is given that the product of two of the real roots of the equation is 3 3 . We can guess that x = 3 x=3 is another root of the equation since 1 × 3 = 3 1 \times 3 = 3 . We verify this:

3 3 4 ( 3 ) 2 + 3 + 6 = 27 36 + 3 + 6 = 0 3^3-4(3)^2+3+6 = 27-36+3+6 = 0

Factorize it out:

( x 1 ) ( x 3 3 x 2 x 2 + 3 x 2 x + 6 ) = 0 ( x 1 ) ( x 2 ( x 3 ) x ( x 3 ) 2 ( x 3 ) ) = 0 ( x 1 ) ( x 3 ) ( x 2 x 2 ) = 0 ( x 1 ) ( x 3 ) ( x 2 2 x + x 2 ) = 0 ( x 1 ) ( x 3 ) ( x ( x 2 ) + 1 ( x 2 ) ) = 0 ( x 1 ) ( x 3 ) ( x 2 ) ( x + 1 ) = 0 (x-1)(x^3-3x^2-x^2+3x-2x+6) = 0\\ (x-1)\left(x^2(x-3)-x(x-3)-2(x-3)\right)=0\\ (x-1)(x-3)(x^2-x-2)=0\\ (x-1)(x-3)(x^2-2x+x-2)=0\\ (x-1)(x-3)\left(x(x-2)+1(x-2)\right)=0\\ (x-1)(x-3)(x-2)(x+1)=0

The roots are: x = 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 x=1,\;2,\;3,\;-1 . The smallest root is x = 1 x=\boxed{-1}

You can continue finding the linear factors of x 3 4 x 2 + x + 6 x^3-4x^2+x+6 by using rational root theorem .

Pi Han Goh - 5 years ago

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Yep, but I'm just using whatever that's been given to us to solve this

Hung Woei Neoh - 5 years ago

Observe the title. This is the inspiration for my factorisation.

x 4 5 x 3 + 5 x 2 + 5 x 6 = 0 x 4 5 x 3 + 6 x 2 x 2 + 5 x 6 = 0 ( x 2 5 x + 6 ) ( x 2 1 ) = 0 ( x + 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 3 ) = 0 x^4-5x^3+5x^2+5x-6=0\\x^4-5x^3+6x^2-x^2+5x-6=0\\(x^2-5x+6)(x^2-1)=0\\(x+1)(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)=0 Clearly, the smallest root is -1.

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