Imaginary Counting

Probability Level pending

Let 1 a , b 100 1\leq a,b\leq 100 be positive integers. If i = 1 i = \sqrt{-1} , find the number of distinct ordered pairs ( a , b ) (a,b) that satisfy the equation i ( i a + i b ) = 2 i(i^a + i^b) = 2 .


Source: A preparatory test that I attempted yesterday


The answer is 625.

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1 solution

The given expression can be written as:

i a + 1 + i b + 1 = 2 { i }^{ a+1 }+{ i }^{ b+1 }=2

As we know from imaginary unit powers, i k { i }^{ k } (with k k positive integer) can only be

i , i , 1 o r 1 i,-i,-1\quad or\quad 1

Then, the only solution for the expression i a + 1 + i b + 1 = 2 { i }^{ a+1 }+{ i }^{ b+1 }=2

is i a + 1 = i b + 1 = 1 { i }^{ a+1 }={ i }^{ b+1 }=1

Yet from imaginary unit powers, i k = 1 { i }^{ k }=1 if and only if k is multiple of 4. Then, we can write a + 1 = 4 n a+1=4n Where n n is positive integer. Couting all possible values for 1 a 100 1\le a\le 100 , we have 25 25 possible values for a a . Similarly, we have 25 25 values for b b .

We want the number of ordered pairs ( a , b ) (a,b) . Cartesian Product (Rule of Product):

25 p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r a 25 p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r b 25 X 25 = 625 25\quad possibilities\quad for\quad a\quad 25\quad possibilities\quad for\quad b\Rightarrow 25X25=625 ordered pairs.

Moderator note:

How many pairs are there which satisfy i ( i a + i b ) = 0 i ( i^a + i^b) = 0 ?

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