n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 a ∫ 0 a 1 − x 1 − x n d x d a
Evaluate the integral above, where n is an integer.
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Why did you assume that n must be an integer?
Please ...can u give a dierect proof of the infinte series result.
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It is the famous Basel problem solved by Euler. Check out the link .
Why did you assume that n must be an integer?
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assuming n is not an integer, the fraction expansion would have an extra (x^floor(n)-x^n)/(1-x). If x=0, then the fraction expansion would also be zero. If you then take the derivative of the fraction expansion in terms of x, you find that the derivative will be zero from 0 to 1 inclusive. Thus, the fraction expansion would have a value of zero from 0 to 1 and would be negligible.
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Relevant wiki: Riemann Zeta Function
L = n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 a ∫ 0 a 1 − x 1 − x n d x d a = n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 a ∫ 0 a 1 − x ( 1 − x ) ( 1 + x + x 2 + ⋯ + x n − 1 ) d x d a = n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 a ∫ 0 a ( 1 + x + x 2 + ⋯ + x n − 1 ) d x d a = n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 a x + 2 x 2 + 3 x 3 + ⋯ + n x n ∣ ∣ 0 a d a = n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 a a + 2 a 2 + 3 a 3 + ⋯ + n a n d a = n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 ( 1 + 2 a + 3 a 2 + ⋯ + n a n − 1 ) d a = n → ∞ lim [ a + 2 2 a 2 + 3 2 a 3 + ⋯ + n 2 a n ] 0 1 = n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 2 1 = ζ ( 2 ) = 6 π 2 where ζ ( ⋅ ) denotes the Riemann zeta function.