Incenter Angle

Geometry Level 3

In triangle A B C ABC , points D , E , F D, E, F are on sides B C , C A , A B BC, CA, AB respectively such that A D , B E , C F AD, BE, CF are angle bisectors of triangle A B C ABC . The lines A D , B E , C F AD, BE, CF are concurrent at I I , the incenter of triangle A B C ABC . If B A C = 9 2 \angle BAC = 92 ^\circ , what is the measure (in degrees) of E I F \angle EIF ?

Details and assumptions

The angle bisectors of a triangle refer to the internal angle bisectors of the triangle.

3 lines are concurrent at a point P P if they intersect at the point P P .


The answer is 136.

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18 solutions

Sameer Jain
May 20, 2014

A B C + A C B = 18 0 B A C = 18 0 9 2 = 8 8 I B C + I C B = 1 / 2 ( A B C + A C B ) = 4 4 B I C = 18 0 4 4 = 13 6 E I F = 13 6 \angle ABC +\angle ACB = 180^\circ- \angle BAC = 180^\circ- 92^\circ = 88^\circ \\ \implies \angle IBC +\angle ICB = 1/2(\angle ABC+\angle ACB) = 44^\circ \\ \implies \angle BIC = 180^\circ - 44^\circ = 136^\circ \implies \angle EIF = 136^\circ

Yue Wang
May 20, 2014

Let A B C = 2 b \angle ABC = 2b and A C B = 2 a \angle ACB=2a , 2 a + 2 b = 180 92 = 88 2a+2b=180-92=88 so a + b = 44 a+b=44 . Thus B I C = 180 ( a + b ) = 180 44 = 136 \angle BIC=180-(a+b)=180-44=136 and since angles on opposite of two intersecting straight lines are the same, B I C = E I F = 136 \angle BIC = \angle EIF=136 .

[Latex edits - Calvin]

This is a very direct angle-chasing question, which received numerous convoluted solutions. After arriving at the answer, think about what is the best way to present your solution.

Solutions which assumed that A B = A C AB=AC were marked wrong, as they only showed it for the isosceles case.

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years ago
Shobhit Gautam
May 20, 2014

in triangle ABC, ∠A + ∠B +∠C = 180. given, ∠A= 92. Substituting, we have ∠B + ∠C =88. ∠FCB +∠EBC = 44. also, ∠FCB + ∠EBC +∠BIC = 180. therfore, ∠BIC = 136 =∠EIF. (vertically opposite angles)

Angle BAD = 92/2 = 46 Replace angle ABE with angle x. Hence Angle EBD is also x, and it follows that angle FEC = FCB = 44 - x Angle BEC is 180- x - 2(44 - x) = 92 + x Hence angle EIC is 44 degrees. Angle EIF = 180 - EIC= 136

Nick Walsh
May 20, 2014

Angle EIF = Angle BIC Angle ABC + Angle ACB = 88 Deg Angle IBC +Angle ICB = 1/2 of 88 Deg = 44 Deg BIC (and EIF ) = 180 - 44= 136 Deg.

Patrick Dong
May 20, 2014

First, label angle ABI and IBD as x, and angle ACI and ICD as y.

Since the sum of the angles in a triangle is 180, x+y=44. So, BIC=136. Solving for AEI and AFI in the same way gives us 88-x, and 88-y respectively, which gives us 92+x+y for EIF. Thus, EIF=136

Kiriti Mukherjee
May 20, 2014

It is given that B A C = 9 2 \angle BAC = 92^\circ

So, A B C + A C B = 18 0 9 2 \angle ABC +\angle ACB = 180^\circ - 92^\circ

A B C + A C B = 8 8 \Rightarrow \angle ABC +\angle ACB = 88^\circ

A B C + A C B 2 = ( 88 2 ) \Rightarrow \frac {\angle ABC +\angle ACB }{2} = (\frac{88}{2})^\circ

A B C 2 + A C B 2 = 4 4 \Rightarrow \frac {\angle ABC}{2} + \frac {\angle ACB}{2} = 44^\circ

I B C + I C B = 4 4 \Rightarrow \angle IBC + \angle ICB = 44^\circ

B I C = 18 0 4 4 \Rightarrow \angle BIC = 180^\circ - 44^\circ

B I C = 13 6 \Rightarrow \angle BIC = 136^\circ

Now, F C FC and B E BE are straight line so, B I C = E I F \angle BIC = \angle EIF

So, E I F = 13 6 \angle EIF = \boxed {136^\circ}

Given the triangle A B C ABC and its angle bisectors A D , B E , AD, BE, and C F CF which intersect at point I I , and B A C = 9 2 ∠BAC = 92^\circ . We could let x x be the measure of A B C ∠ABC , y y be that of A C B ∠ACB , and z z , that of E I F ∠EIF .

We could use the fact that the sum of the measures of the three interior angles of a triangle is 18 0 180^\circ . Applying this fact to triangle A B C ABC , we have m B A C + m A B C + m A C B = 180 m∠BAC + m∠ABC + m∠ACB = 180 , or, after substitution and simplification,

( 1 ) x + y = 88 (1) x + y = 88

We can consider triangle I B C IBC , with angles I B C IBC , I C B ICB , and C I B CIB . Since segment B E BE is an angle bisector, of A B C ∠ABC in particular, and segment B I BI lies on B E BE , it follows that B I BI is a bisector of A B C ∠ABC . Hence, B I BI divides A B C ∠ABC into congruent angles A B I ABI and I B C IBC , and m I B C m∠IBC (the measure of I B C ∠IBC ) = m A B C 2 = x 2 = \frac {m∠ABC} {2} = \frac {x} {2} .

In a similar manner, we could show that segment C I CI is an angle bisector of A C B ∠ACB , and that m I C B = m A C B 2 = y 2 m∠ICB = \frac {m∠ACB} {2} = \frac {y} {2} . Using these information and the sum of the interior angles of a triangle, we have m I B C + m I C B + m C I B = 180 m∠IBC + m∠ICB + m∠CIB = 180 , or

( 2 ) x 2 + y 2 + m C I B = 180 (2) \frac {x} {2} + \frac {y} {2} + m∠CIB = 180 .

Multiplying ( 1 ) (1) by 1 2 \frac {1} {2} , we have x 2 + y 2 = 44 \frac {x} {2} + \frac{y} {2} = 44 . Substituting this into ( 2 ) (2) , we have 44 + m C I B = 180 44 + m∠CIB = 180 , or

( 3 ) m C I B = 136 (3) m∠CIB = 136

Finally, since segments B E BE and C F CF intersect at I I , they create two pairs of vertical angles, and in each pair, the two angles are congruent. One such pair consists of C I B ∠CIB and E I F EIF . We have m C I B = 136 m∠CIB = 136 , so the required answer, the measure of E I F ∠EIF , is the same as that of C I B ∠CIB . Hence, the measure of E I F = 13 6 ∠EIF = 136^\circ .

Athul Nambolan
May 20, 2014

https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-m3LBkYeybkQ/UaN1YItXyZI/AAAAAAAAAVY/kp_6_7S245c/w353-h358-no/MMM.JPG Here is a picture of the question

In quadrilateral EIFA we already know a n g l e A angle A = 92 92 , angle IFA = angle C + angle B/2 similarly angle IEA = angle B + angle C/2 adding up we get A + IFA + IEA = A + B+ C + (B+C)/2 = 180^ + ( 180^ - 92^)/2 = 224^

Therefore angle EIF= 360^ - 224^= 136^

Mattias Olla
May 20, 2014

A F I E AFIE is a quadrilateral with E A F = 9 2 \angle EAF=92 ^\circ . It satisfies E A F + A F I + F I E + I E A = 36 0 \angle EAF+ \angle AFI+ \angle FIE+ \angle IEA=360 ^\circ , or I F A + E I F + A E I = 26 8 \angle IFA+ \angle EIF+ \angle AEI=268 ^\circ

Now, in triangle A B E ABE we know that A B E + B E A + E A B = 18 0 \angle ABE+ \angle BEA+ \angle EAB=180 ^\circ , and E A B = 9 2 \angle EAB=92 ^\circ . Since B E BE is an angle bisector of A B C \angle ABC , then A B E = A B C 2 \angle ABE=\frac {\angle ABC}{2} , so A B C 2 + B E A + 9 2 = 18 0 \frac {\angle ABC}{2}+ \angle BEA+ 92 ^\circ=180 ^\circ , and B E A = 8 8 A B C 2 \angle BEA=88 ^\circ - \frac {\angle ABC}{2} .

Now, by applying the same logic in triangle A F C AFC , we acquire A F C = 8 8 B C A 2 \angle AFC=88 ^\circ - \frac {\angle BCA}{2} .

Mow we plug in the expressions for B E A \angle BEA and A F C \angle AFC in the angle sum for the quadrilateral (note that B E A = A E I \angle BEA=\angle AEI and A F C = I F A \angle AFC=\angle IFA ):

8 8 B C A 2 + E I F + 8 8 A B C 2 = 26 8 88 ^\circ - \frac {\angle BCA}{2}+ \angle EIF+ 88 ^\circ - \frac {\angle ABC}{2}=268 ^\circ

E I F = 9 2 + B C A + A B C 2 \angle EIF=92^\circ+ \frac {\angle BCA+\angle ABC}{2}

In triangle A B C ABC , A B C + B C A + C A B = 18 0 \angle ABC+ \angle BCA +\angle CAB=180^\circ , B C A + A B C = 18 0 9 2 = 8 8 \angle BCA+\angle ABC=180^\circ\ -92^\circ=88^\circ .

So, E I F = 9 2 + 8 8 2 = 13 6 \angle EIF=92^\circ+ \frac {88^\circ}{2}=136^\circ

Jimmi Simpson
May 20, 2014

Consider triangle A B C ABC . Let θ = m A B C \theta = m\angle ABC . Since B E BE bisects θ \theta , θ 2 = m A B E \frac{\theta}{2} = m\angle ABE . Also, since the sum of the angles in a triangle is 18 0 180^\circ , m A C B = 18 0 ( 9 2 + θ ) = 8 8 θ m\angle ACB = 180^\circ-\left(92^\circ+\theta\right) = 88^\circ - \theta and m A C F = 8 8 θ 2 = 4 4 θ 2 m\angle ACF = \frac{88^\circ-\theta}{2} = 44^\circ-\frac{\theta}{2} .

In triangle A B E ABE , m A E B = 18 0 ( 9 2 + θ 2 ) = 8 8 θ 2 m\angle AEB = 180^\circ - \left(92^\circ+\frac{\theta}{2}\right) = 88^\circ-\frac{\theta}{2} . Now consider triangle A C E ACE . m A F C = 18 0 ( 9 2 ( 4 4 θ 2 ) ) = 4 4 + θ 2 m\angle AFC = 180^\circ - \left(92^\circ-\left(44^\circ-\frac{\theta}{2}\right)\right) = 44^\circ + \frac{\theta}{2} .

Finally, consider quadrilateral A E I F AEIF . The sum of angles in a quadrilateral is 36 0 360^\circ , so m E I F = 36 0 ( 9 2 + 8 8 θ 2 + 4 4 + θ 2 ) = 13 6 m\angle EIF = 360^\circ - \left(92^\circ + 88^\circ - \frac{\theta}{2} + 44^\circ + \frac{\theta}{2}\right) = 136^\circ

Alan Zhang
May 20, 2014

Because B E BE and C F CF are angle bisectors, I B C = b / 2 \angle IBC=b/2 and I C B = c / 2 \angle ICB=c/2 . This makes B I C = 180 ( b + c ) / 2 \angle BIC = 180-(b+c)/2 . b + c b+c can be substituted with 180 a 180-a giving you 90 + a / 2 90+a/2 . BIC is equal to EIF because of vertical angles so 90 + 92 / 2 = 136 90+92/2=136 .

Colin Hinde
May 20, 2014

Consider the special case of ABC isosceles. Then A C F = 2 2 \angle ACF=22^\circ and A F C = A E F = 6 6 \angle AFC=\angle AEF=66^\circ So E I F = ( 360 92 66 66 ) \angle EIF=(360-92-66-66)^\circ .

Since the statement of the problem implies that the solution is independent of the ratio of the lengths AB and AC, we conclude that E I F = 13 6 \angle EIF=136^\circ always.

We double check the implication to make sure the problem is well-posed: Suppose A C B = ( 44 x ) \angle ACB=(44-x)^\circ then A B C = ( 44 + x ) \angle ABC=(44+x)^\circ and A F C = ( 66 + x / 2 ) \angle AFC=(66+x/2)^\circ , A E B = ( 66 x / 2 ) \angle AEB=(66-x/2)^\circ , and as before: E I F = ( 360 92 66 66 ) \angle EIF=(360-92-66-66)^\circ

Calvin Lin Staff
May 13, 2014

Let A B C = β , A C B = γ \angle ABC = \beta, \angle ACB = \gamma so β + γ \beta + \gamma = A B C + A C B =\angle ABC + \angle ACB = 18 0 B A C = 180^\circ - \angle BAC = 18 0 9 2 = 180^\circ - 92 ^\circ = 8 8 = 88 ^\circ . Since B I BI and C I CI are angle bisectors, we have I B C = β 2 , I C B = γ 2 \angle IBC = \frac {\beta}{2}, \angle ICB = \frac {\gamma}{2} . Also, B I C \angle BIC and E I F \angle EIF are opposite angles, implying B I C = E I F \angle BIC = \angle EIF . Hence

E I F = B I C = 18 0 I B C I C B = 18 0 β 2 γ 2 = 13 6 . \angle EIF = \angle BIC = 180^\circ - \angle IBC - \angle ICB = 180^\circ - \frac {\beta} {2} - \frac {\gamma} {2} = 136 ^\circ.

Tanveer Hussain
May 20, 2014

let we make isosless triangle ABC AB=AC, if angle <BAC = 92 then <ABC and <ACB will be equal to 44, 44. now draw the lines AD, BE, CF such that thay are angle bisectror of triangle ABC. now we take the triangle AEB, in this triangle angle <ABE is half of the angle <ABC which is 22(<ABE=22). angle <BAE=92 (Which is equal to <BAC) now angle <BEA=180-22-92=66(<BEA=66) Now take triangle AEI the angle <AIE = 180 - <IAE - <IEA =180 - (92/2) - 66 = 68 Now our desier angle is <EIF which is double of (<AIE = 68) so <EIF=2*68=136

In this problem it would be safe to assume that the given triangle ABC is isosceles, with angles ABC and ACB both equal to 44 degrees. (This is consistent with the required angle sum of 180 degrees, if the figure is to be a triangle.)

Since EB and FC are angle bisectors of ABC and ACB, respectively, we can conclude that angles EBC and FCB both measure 22 degrees.

Next, draw a line parallel to BC through the incenter I. Let us call this segment GH, with point G lying on AB and point H lying on AC. We can see that FC and EB are both transversals of the parallel lines BC and GH. This implies that angle EIH is congruent to angle EBC, and similarly, angle FIG is congruent to angle FCB. Therefore, both EIH and FIG measure 22 degrees as well.

Lastly, as GIH can be considered as a 180-degree angle, we can conclude that the total measures of FIG, EIF and EIH is also 180 degrees. Algebraic manipulation will yield the measure of angle EIF to be 136 degrees.


Apologies for not using mathematical formatting and for the haphazard method. I am at work right now as I type this solution, and this is my first time anyway. Thank you for reading! :)

Jiyoun Ha
May 20, 2014

as angle BAC is divided in half, angle BAD is 46 degrees. As bisectors are perpendicular to opposite sides, angle BDA is 90 degrees and angle ABD is 44 degrees. Therefore angle EBD is 22 degrees, and angle BID is 68 degrees. Simply multiplying the angle by 2 gives you 136 degrees for BIC, which is same as angle FIE.

Lab Bhattacharjee
May 20, 2014

WLOG, we can take the triangle to be isosceles, so that $$\angle ABC=\angle ACB = \frac{180-92}2^\circ=44^\circ \implies \angle ABE=22^\circ, $$

So, in $$\triangle ABE, \angle AEB=(180-92-22)^\circ=66^\circ$$

So, in $$\triangle AIE, \angle AIE=(180-46-66)^\circ=68^\circ$$

Similarly, $$\angle AIF=68^\circ$$

$$\implies \angle EIF =2\cdot 68^\circ=136^\circ $$

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