Inclined Terminal.

A particle is placed on a fixed rough inclined plane which makes an angle θ \theta from ground. The co-efficient of friction between between the particle and the inclined plane is μ = t a n θ \mu = tan\theta .

The particle is given a velocity v v along the line which is common to the inclined plane and the horizontal plane at that height.

Find the magnitude of terminal velocity (in m s 1 ms^{-1} ) attained by the particle.

Given Data : v = 9 m s 1 v = 9 ms^{-1} . Assume that the inclined plane is very large so that the particle never leave that plane.

Try more from my set Classical Mechanics Problems .


The answer is 4.5.

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1 solution

Let first define the Cartesian Axes as follow:

Also let the velocity of the particle be u u at any instant and makes an angle α \alpha with X-axis as shown.

Also let the velocity of particle be u x u_{x} & u y u_{y} along X-axis & Y-axis respectively at that instant.

Now draw the free body diagram of the particle. It will be like as below. (I have not mention the normal reaction on the particle. It will be perpendicular and outward to our defined axes).

Here f is the magnitude of frictional force acting on the particle i.e. μ m g c o s θ \mu mgcos\theta or m g s i n θ mgsin\theta . This means when the particle is traveling only down the inclined plane, its velocity will be constant. So at that moment u y = 0 u_{y} = 0

Now along X-axis we can write

m g s i n θ f c o s α = m d u x d t mgsin\theta - fcos\alpha = m\frac{du_{x}}{dt}

And along Y-axis we can write

f s i n α = m d u y d t fsin\alpha = -m\frac{du_{y}}{dt}

Dividing both equations we get.

m g s i n θ f c o s α f s i n α = d u x d u y \frac{mgsin\theta - fcos\alpha}{fsin\alpha} = -\frac{du_{x}}{du_{y}}

\implies c o s e c α c o t α = d u x d u y cosec\alpha - cot\alpha = -\frac{du_{x}}{du_{y}}

\implies u x 2 + u y 2 u x u y = d u x d u y \frac{\sqrt{{u_{x}}^{2} + {u_{y}}^{2}} - u_{x}}{u_{y}} = -\frac{du_{x}}{du_{y}}

\implies u x 2 + u y 2 d u y = u x d u y u y d u x \sqrt{{u_{x}}^{2} + {u_{y}}^{2}}du_{y} = u_{x}du_{y} - u_{y}du_{x}

The solution of this differential equation is ( u y ) 2 = c 2 2 c u x (u_{y})^{2} = c^2 - 2cu_{x} where c c is a constant.

When u x = 0 u_{x} = 0 then u y = v u_{y} = v . This gives c = v c = v .

Now when u y = 0 u_{y} = 0 then 0 = v 2 2 v u x 0 = v^2 - 2vu_{x}

So u x = v 2 = 4.5 m s 1 \boxed{u_{x} = \frac{v}{2} = 4.5 ms^{-1}}

Magnitude of terminal velocity will depend on inclination i.e angle "theta" and the distance from the edge of starting point. Also if inclination is less, particle may loose velocity and get stuck in the middle.

Ankur Guha - 5 years, 9 months ago

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Note that μ = tan θ \mu =\tan \theta .

Akshat Sharda - 3 years, 5 months ago

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