The cooktop of an induction stove generates an alternating magnetic field H that induces an electrical current density of j inside a metallic cooking pot. Due to the ohmic resistance of the cooking pot, heat is generated, which makes the water boil. The physics is described by Lenz's law − ∫ A ∂ t ∂ B ⋅ d A = ∮ ∂ A E ⋅ d l and Ohm's law j = σ E , where B = μ r μ 0 H is the magnetic flux density, E is the electric field, and σ the conductivity of the metal.
How much real power (in units of kilowatts) is converted into heat?
Details and Assumptions:
Induction currents flow only on the bottom of the cooking pot, which has thickness w = 5 mm and radius R = 1 0 cm .
The cooking pot consists of a steel alloy with conductivity σ = 1 0 7 S / m and relative magnetic permeability μ r = 1 0 0 .
Bonus question: Why does the induction cooker not work with an alumininum or copper cooker?
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Nice one. I've been having quite a bit of fun with your problems lately.
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If a circle with radius r is selected as the integration area A for Lenz's law, the integrals can be simplified − ∂ t ∂ Φ ⇒ E ( r ) = − ∫ ∂ t ∂ B ⋅ d A = − ∂ t ∂ B ⋅ A = ω π r 2 B 0 sin ( ω t ) = ∮ E ⋅ d l = E ⋅ l = 2 π r E ( r ) sin ( ω t ) = 2 1 B 0 ω r with the magnetic field amplitude B 0 = μ r μ 0 H 0 inside the metal.
A volume element d V = w ⋅ r d ϕ ⋅ d r of the disk has a voltage drop d U and a current flow d I and with d U d I ⇒ d P = E r d ϕ = j w d r = d U d I = σ E 2 w r d r d ϕ Integration over the whole bottom plate yields the total power P ⇒ ⟨ P ⟩ = 4 1 ω 2 σ B 0 2 sin 2 ( ω t ) w ∫ 0 R r 3 d r ∫ 0 2 π d π = 8 1 π ω 2 σ B 0 2 sin 2 ( ω t ) w R 4 = 8 1 π ω 2 σ B 0 2 w R 4 with the time average over one period ⟨ sin 2 ( ω t ) ⟩ = T 1 ∫ 0 T sin 2 ( ω t ) d t = T 1 ∫ 0 T cos 2 ( ω t ) d t = 2 T 1 ∫ 0 T ( sin 2 ( ω t ) + cos 2 ( ω t ) ) d t = 2 T 1 ∫ 0 T d t = 2 1 Numerical evaluation results ⟨ P ⟩ = 3 . 8 7 6 kW