2 0 < i < j < 1 5 ∑ a i a j
If a 1 , a 2 , … , a 1 4 are positive real numbers such that their sum is 155, find the maximum value of the expression above.
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Nice solution, but we can streamline it a bit:
0 ≤ ∑ i < j ( a i − a j ) 2 = ( n − 1 ) ∑ i a i − 2 ∑ i < j a i a j so 2 ∑ i < j a i a j ≤ ( n − 1 ) ∑ i a i = 2 0 1 5
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Isn't that just Cauchy Schwartz?
If a 1 , a 2 , … , a n are positive numbers whose sum is N , then 2 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n ∑ a i a j = ( i = 1 ∑ n a i ) 2 − i = 1 ∑ n a i = ( i = 1 ∑ n a i ) 2 − N Using the Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality, 2 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n ∑ a i a j ≤ ( i = 1 ∑ n 1 2 ) ( i = 1 ∑ n a i ) − N = n N − N = ( n − 1 ) N , with equality when a 1 = a 2 = … = a n = n N . The maximum value is thus ( n − 1 ) N . In this case, where n = 1 4 , N = 1 5 5 , the maximum is 2 0 1 5 .
The numbers are all independent. Hence the sum is maximized when each term is maximized. From AM-GM, terms are maximum when all the numbers are equal. That is
a i = a ∀ i
Hence 14a=155 There are 91 terms in the sum.
Hence the answer is 1 4 2 × 9 1 × 1 5 5 = 2 0 1 5
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By using A . M − G . M we get
ω = 2 ∑ ω a 1 a ω ≤ ( 2 ( n − 1 ) a 1 + ∑ ω = 2 ω a ω )
ω = 3 ∑ ω a 2 a ω ≤ ( 2 ( n − 2 ) a 2 + ∑ ω = 3 ω a ω ) . . . a ω − 1 a ω ≤ 2 a ω − 1 + a ω
Adding all above equations we get
2 I < J ∑ a I a J ≤ ( n − 1 ) ( ω = 1 ∑ ω a ω ) Now putting values we get the answer as 2 0 1 5 .