Infinite Series 1

Calculus Level 2

Evaluate:

n = 0 n ( n 2 ) 3 n 3 \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{n(n-2)}{3^{n-3}}


The answer is 0.

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1 solution

Gonçalo Vieira
Oct 25, 2019

So we can rewrite the series this way:

n = 0 n ( n 2 ) 1 3 n 3 \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n(n-2)\frac{1}{3^{n-3}} = n = 0 n ( n 2 ) x n 3 \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n(n-2)x^{n-3} , where x = 1 3 x=\frac{1}{3} , and so noticing the derivative with respect to x:

n = 0 n ( n 2 ) x n 3 \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n(n-2)x^{n-3} = ( n = 0 n x n 2 ) (\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} nx^{n-2})' = ( 1 x n = 0 n x n 1 ) (\frac{1}{x}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} nx^{n-1})' repeting the same process, i.e:

( 1 x n = 0 n x n 1 ) (\frac{1}{x}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} nx^{n-1})' = ( 1 x ( n = 0 x n ) ) (\frac{1}{x}(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} x^{n})')' and solving the inner part you obtain:

( 1 x ( n = 0 x n ) ) (\frac{1}{x}(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} x^{n})')' = ( 1 x ( 1 1 x ) ) (\frac{1}{x}(\frac{1}{1-x})')' = ( 1 x 1 ( 1 x ) 2 ) (\frac{1}{x}\frac{1}{(1-x)^2})' = 1 3 x x 2 ( x 1 ) 3 \frac{1-3x}{x^2(x-1)^3} , finally as x = 1 3 x=\frac{1}{3} you get that:

n = 0 n ( n 2 ) 1 3 n 3 \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n(n-2)\frac{1}{3^{n-3}} = 0

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