The resistivity of certain conductor with circular cross-sectional area A = 1 c m 2 and length L = 1 m depends only on the the distance r from the axis of the conductor as ρ ( r ) = r 2 k with k = 1 . 2 × 1 0 − 3 Ω ⋅ m 3 . What is the equivalent resistance in Ohms of the conductor?
The connection between the electric field and the current density (current per unit area j = d A d I ) is given by j ( r ) = ρ ( r ) 1 E ( r ) This relation is equivalent to the traditional Ohm's Law V = I R and is known as the microscopic form of Ohm's Law. Therefore a non-uniform resistivity in a material implies that the current is not uniformly distributed over its cross section.
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Since the cross-sectional area element is d A = 2 π r d r , the total current is given by I = 0 ∫ r 0 j d A , where r 0 is the radius of the cross-section (and therefore A = π r 0 2 ). Because E = L V , we have I = 0 ∫ r 0 k r 2 L V 2 π r d r = k L 2 π V 0 ∫ r 0 r 3 d r = k L 2 π V 4 r 0 4 . Replacing r 0 4 = π 2 A 2 and knowing that R = I V , we get R = A 2 2 π k L . Numerical value R = 7 5 3 9 8 2 , 2 3 6 Ω
For a homogeneous conductor of length L and cross sectional area A we know that its resistance is given by
R
=
ρ
A
L
.
Let us mentally divide the conductor into thin wires with cross sectional area
Δ
A
. Since they are thin, they can be treated as homogeneous conductors and the resistance of each thin wire is then
ρ
t
h
i
n
=
ρ
(
r
)
Δ
A
L
.
We notice that all the thin wires are connected in parallel and therefore
R
e
q
1
=
∑
ρ
t
h
i
n
1
=
∑
ρ
(
r
)
1
L
Δ
A
=
k
L
1
∫
r
2
d
A
=
k
L
2
π
∫
0
a
r
3
d
r
=
2
k
L
π
a
4
Hence
R
e
q
=
π
a
4
2
k
L
=
2
π
k
A
2
L
=
7
5
3
9
8
2
Ω
.
This is a question from Problems in General Physics by IE Irodov
I did the same thing. I got Little confused seeing 1/delta(A). It is very nice an infinite number of parallel resistors.
Given a cylinder , Take an elemental cylinder of thickness dr (lies between r and r+dr) which has length L . The resistance of this element can be found and such cylinders arranged in a parallel way gives the total cylinder. Hence integrating our elemental resistance ...... gives total resistance
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E=V\L. HERE L=1 SO E=V J(r)=(r^2\k).V dI=J(r).d(r) consider a circular ring at a distance of r from axis.its area dr will be 2pi r dr. so dI=(2 pi r^3 dr).V\k integrating we get I=(pi r^4).V\2k so V=pi 2 k.I(pi^2.r^4) also given pi^2 r^4=A^2=10^-8 putting these values we get V=753600I comparing it with V=IR we get R=753600 ohms