If the above integral is of the form where and are coprime and , find .
Details and Assumptions
denotes the fractional part of such that .
You might want to try this problem first.
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Using a fundamental property of integrals, we rewrite our integral as
∫ 0 ∞ ⌈ x ⌉ { x } ⌊ x ⌋ d x = n = 0 ∑ ∞ ∫ [ n , n + 1 ) ⌈ x ⌉ { x } ⌊ x ⌋ d x
Since we are taking the integral over the interval [ n , n + 1 ) and ⌊ x ⌋ = ⌈ x ⌉ − 1 = n in the interval, we can yet again rewrite the integral as
n = 0 ∑ ∞ ∫ [ n , n + 1 ) n + 1 ( x − n ) n d x = n = 0 ∑ ∞ ∫ 0 1 n + 1 x n d x = n = 0 ∑ ∞ ( n + 1 ) 2 1
Upon inspection, we see that this is the well-known sum found in the Basel problem, which converges to 6 π 2 ! So finally, we conclude that
∫ 0 ∞ ⌈ x ⌉ { x } ⌊ x ⌋ d x = 6 π 2