Inspired by Comrade Quan

Calculus Level 5

Find the floor of S = k = 1 0 4 1 0 6 1 0 4 k . S=\sum_{k=10^4}^{10^6}\frac{10^4}{\sqrt{k}}.


Inspiration .


The answer is 18000055.

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1 solution

Otto Bretscher
Dec 18, 2015

Define the function f ( x ) = 1 0 4 x f(x)=\frac{10^4}{\sqrt{x}} and consider the trapezoidal sum of f ( x ) f(x) between a = 1 0 4 a=10^4 and b = 1 0 6 b=10^6 with step size 1. Since the graph of f ( x ) f(x) is convex, this sum will exceed the integral: S f ( 1 0 4 ) 2 f ( 1 0 6 ) 2 = S 50 5 > 1 0 4 1 0 4 1 0 6 x 1 / 2 d x = 1.8 × 1 0 7 S-\frac{f(10^4)}{2}-\frac{f(10^6)}{2}=S-50-5>10^4\int_{10^4}^{10^6}x^{-1/2}dx=1.8\times10^7 so S > 18000055. S>18000055.

The maximum of f ( x ) f''(x) on [ a , b ] [a,b] is M = 7.5 × 1 0 7 M=7.5\times 10^{-7} , so that the error is < ( b a ) M 12 < 1 10 <\frac{(b-a)M}{12}<\frac{1}{10} . Thus the floor of S S is 18000055 \boxed{18000055} ... an estimate with remarkable accuracy.

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