Inspired by Marte Reece 4.0

Geometry Level 2

True or false?

If a circle with radius r ( > 1 ) r\, (>1) goes through exactly N N grid points on a regular grid, then N 2 π r 2 3 . \large N\leq 2\pi\sqrt[3]{r^2}.

True False

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1 solution

Áron Bán-Szabó
Jul 19, 2017

Since r > 1 r>1 , we can suppose that N 7 N\geq7 . Let's number the grid points in the clockwise order. Let P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , , P N P_1, P_2, P_3, \cdots, P_{N} be the points. Now consider the P 1 P 3 , P 2 P 4 , P 3 P 5 , P 4 P 6 , , P n P 2 P_1P_3, P_2P_4, P_3P_5, P_4P_6, \cdots, P_nP_2 arces. These arces covers the cirlce's arc two times, so there will be an arc (let assume that P 1 P 3 P_1P_3 ), which length is at most 4 π r N \dfrac{4\pi r}{N} . The value of [ P 1 P 2 P 3 ] [\triangle P_1P_2P_3] is the maximum when P 2 P_2 is the midpoint of the P 1 P 3 P_1P_3 arc.

Since in a circle with radii r r , a convex α \alpha 's center angle's chord's is at most 2 r sin α / 2 2r\sin\alpha/2 , [ P 1 P 2 P 3 ] = a b c 4 r = 2 r sin π N 2 r sin π N 2 r sin 2 π N 4 r [P_1P_2P_3]=\dfrac{abc}{4r}=\dfrac{2r\sin\frac{\pi}{N}*2r\sin\frac{\pi}{N}*2r\sin\frac{2\pi}{N}}{4r}

Since if 0 α π 2 0\leq\alpha\leq\dfrac{\pi}{2} , then sin α α \sin\alpha\leq\alpha , [ P 1 P 2 P 3 ] 2 r sin π N 2 r sin π N 2 r sin 2 π N 4 r = 4 r 2 π 3 N 3 [P_1P_2P_3]\leq\dfrac{2r\sin\frac{\pi}{N}*2r\sin\frac{\pi}{N}*2r\sin\frac{2\pi}{N}}{4r}=\dfrac{4r^2\pi^3}{N^3}

Since a grid triangle's area is minimum half, 1 2 4 r 2 π 3 N 3 N 2 π r 2 3 \dfrac{1}{2}\leq\dfrac{4r^2\pi^3}{N^3}\Leftrightarrow \large N\leq 2\pi\sqrt[3]{r^2}

Therefore the statement is true.

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