Inspired by Pi Han Goh

Algebra Level 3

Note that 79 8 0.888 \sqrt{79} - 8 \approx 0.888 and 320 17 0.888 \sqrt{320} - 17\approx 0.888 in the sense that the first 3 decimal places of these two numbers are equal.

Now we see that 1000 ( 79 8 ) = 1000 ( 320 17 ) = 888 \lfloor 1000 (\sqrt{79} - 8) \rfloor =\lfloor 1000 (\sqrt{320} - 17) \rfloor = 888 .

Suppose 1000 ( x y ) = 888 \lfloor 1000 (\sqrt{x} - y) \rfloor =888 where x , y x, y are positive integers and x > 320 x>320 . What is the minimum value of x + y x+y ?


Inspiration .


The answer is 749.

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1 solution

Chan Lye Lee
Apr 5, 2017

This is a partial solution.

There is a nice pattern for integers x x and y y so that x y 0.888 \sqrt{x}-y \approx 0.888 .

The pattern is as follows: x 1 = 79 x_1=79 , x n = ( x n 1 + 9 ) 2 x_n = \left\lceil (\sqrt{x_{n-1}}+9)^2 \right\rceil for all n 2 n\ge 2 .

y n = 9 n 1 y_n = 9n-1 .

After @Calvin Lin's comment: Here is a better way to understand: x n = ( 9 n 1 9 ) 2 x_n= \left\lfloor \left(9n-\frac{1}{9}\right)^2 \right\rfloor .

From the table below, the next value of x x after 320 is 723, and the corresponding y y is 26. So x + y = 723 + 26 = 749 x+y=723+26=749 .

(This solution is yet completed as we have not proved that 749 is the minimum value of x + y x+y .)

Now you may want to prove that lim n ( x n y n ) = 8 9 = 0.888888888888... \lim_{n \to \infty} (\sqrt{x_n}-y_n) = \frac{8}{9}=0.888888888888...

That is a nice pattern. I used a bit of brute force and looked for the next integer y y such that ( y + 0.888 ) 2 (y + 0.888)^{2} and ( y + 0.889 ) 2 (y + 0.889)^{2} straddled an integer x x , and was fortunate that I only had to go up to y = 26 y = 26 .

Brian Charlesworth - 4 years, 2 months ago

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That is a good method! Thanks for sharing.

Chan Lye Lee - 4 years, 2 months ago

In the problem, can you clarify what you mean by 0.888 \approx 0.888 ? This would help with understanding your intentions. My concerns are

  1. There are values of x, y that will return (say) 0.8883 \approx 0.8883 (though with a larger sum).
  2. I could argue that 723 26 0.889 \sqrt{ 723 } - 26 \approx 0.889 instead.

What you have is a great pattern! If you want to approximate ( y + 8 9 ) 2 (y + \frac{8}{9} ) ^2 as an integer, then yes setting y = 9 n 1 y = 9n - 1 works out great and we're just off by 1 81 \frac{1}{81} .

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 2 months ago

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