Inspired by Priyanshu Mishra

Consider any sequence of 2018 2018 positive integers { a 1 , a 2 , , a 2018 } \{a_1, a_2, …, a_{2018}\} , and extend it periodically to an infinite sequence { a 1 , a 2 , } \{a_1, a_2, …\} by defining a i + 2018 = a i a_{i+2018} = a_i for all i 1 i \geq 1 . The sequence { a 1 , a 2 , , a 2018 } \{a_1, a_2, …, a_{2018}\} is called Mishra-interesting if

  • 1 a 1 a 2 a 2018 a 1 + 2018 1 \leq a_1 \leq a_2 \leq \cdots \leq a_{2018} \leq a_1 + 2018 , and
  • a a i i a_{a_i} \leq i for i = 1 , 2 , . . . , 2018 i=1,2,...,2018 .

Let N N be the number of Mishra-interesting sequences { a 1 , a 2 , , a 2018 } \{a_1, a_2, …, a_{2018}\} .

Submit the last 12 12 digits of N N in base 10 10 , i.e. submit N mod 1 0 12 N \text{ mod } 10^{12} .

If there are an infinite number of Mishra-interesting sequences, submit 1 -1 .


Inspired by this problem


The answer is 446720349268.

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1 solution

Hints:

In the problem, replace 2018 2018 with n n , and let N n N_n be the number of Mishra-interesting sequences for fixed n 1 n \geq 1 . So N = N 2018 N = N_{2018} . The generating function for N n N_n is

n = 1 N n x n = 1 2 x 1 4 x 2 x ( 1 x ) . \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} N_n x^n = \frac{1-2 x-\sqrt{1-4 x}}{2 x (1-x)}.

Alternatively,

N n = k = 1 n ( 2 k ) ! k ! ( k + 1 ) ! . N_n = \sum _{k=1}^n \frac{(2 k)!}{k! (k+1)!}.

I have found N=(n+2)C4–4n+6

Alapan Das - 2 years, 5 months ago

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