Inspired from dev sharma's note

Algebra Level 4

If x 6 = y 4 + 18 {x}^6 = {y}^4 + 18 and y 6 = x 4 + 18 {y}^6 = {x}^4 + 18 , where x x and y y are real numbers, find the sum of squares of all possible values of x x and y y .

Note: If the solutions are ( x , y ) = ( 4 , 2 ) (x, y) = (4, 2) and ( x , y ) = ( 4 , 3 ) (x, y) = (4, 3) , then the answer should be entered as 4 2 + 3 2 + 2 2 {4}^2 + {3}^2 + {2}^2 and 4 4 is not included twice.


The answer is 12.

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2 solutions

Gustavo Sampaio
Apr 7, 2020

Take that one equation is the inverse of the other, thus they must find each other in a point (x, x). Then we can write x^6 = x^4 + 18 => x^6 - x^4 - 18 = 0. Let a = x^2, we have a^3 - a^2 - 18 = 0, which is easy to solve and get a = 3, as a must be real. Finally, as x^2 = 3 and x = y, the answer is 12.

Chew-Seong Cheong
Oct 26, 2018

{ x 6 = y 4 + 18 y 4 = x 6 18 y 12 = x 18 54 x 12 + 972 x 6 5832 y 6 = x 4 + 18 y 12 = x 8 + 36 x 4 + 324 \begin{cases} x^6=y^4+18 \implies y^4 = x^6-18 & \implies y^{12} = x^{18} -54x^{12} + 972 x^6 -5832 \\ y^6=x^4+18 & \implies y^{12} = x^8 +36x^4 + 324 \end{cases}

Then we have:

x 18 54 x 12 + 972 x 6 5832 = x 8 + 36 x 4 + 324 x 18 54 x 12 x 8 + 972 x 6 36 x 4 6156 = 0 Let u = x 2 u 9 54 u 6 u 4 + 972 u 3 36 u 2 6156 = 0 By rational root theorem ( u 3 ) ( u 8 + 3 u 7 + 9 u 6 27 u 5 81 u 4 244 u 3 + 240 u 2 + 684 u + 2052 ) = 0 \begin{aligned} x^{18} -54x^{12} + 972 x^6 - 5832 & = x^8 +36x^4 + 324 \\ x^{18} -54x^{12} - x^8 + 972 x^6 - 36x^4 - 6156 & = 0 & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Let }u = x^2 \\ u^9 -54u^6 - u^4 + 972 u^3 - 36u^2 - 6156 & = 0 & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{By rational root theorem} \\ (u-3)(u^8+3u^7+9u^6-27u^5-81u^4-244u^3+240u^2+684u+2052) & = 0 \end{aligned}

u = 3 u=3 is the only real root. Therefore, { x = 3 { y = 3 ( x , y ) = ( 3 , 3 ) y = 3 ( x , y ) = ( 3 , 3 ) x = 3 { y = 3 ( x , y ) = ( 3 , 3 ) y = 3 ( x , y ) = ( 3 , 3 ) \begin{cases} x = \sqrt 3 & \implies \begin{cases} y = \sqrt 3 & (x,y) = (\sqrt 3, \sqrt 3) \\ y = - \sqrt 3 & (x,y) = (\sqrt 3, - \sqrt 3) \end{cases} \\ x = - \sqrt 3 & \implies \begin{cases} y = \sqrt 3 & (x,y) = (-\sqrt 3, \sqrt 3) \\ y = - \sqrt 3 & (x,y) = (-\sqrt 3, - \sqrt 3) \end{cases} \end{cases}

Therefore, the answer is ( 3 ) 2 + ( 3 ) 2 + 3 ) 2 + ( 3 ) 2 = 12 (\sqrt 3)^2 + (-\sqrt 3)^2 + \sqrt 3)^2 + (-\sqrt 3)^2 = \boxed {12} .

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