Two real numbers x and y are such that x + y = 0 . Find the minimum value of
x 2 + y 2 + ( x + y 1 + x y ) 2
Write your answer to 2 decimal places.
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From the inequality
( x + y − x + y 1 + x y ) 2 > 0
one gets
x 2 + y 2 + ( x + y 1 + x y ) 2 > 2 ( x + y ) x + y 1 + x y − 2 x y = 2
By letting x = 1 , y = 0 in x 2 + y 2 + ( x + y 1 + x y ) 2 One can see that "2" is the solution
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I took the partial derivatives w.r.t x and y , and set them equal to 0 . Skipping some steps, this resulted in the equations x ( x + y ) 3 + ( 1 + x y ) ( y 2 − 1 ) = 0 y ( x + y ) 3 + ( 1 + x y ) ( x 2 − 1 ) = 0 . Subtracting them results in ( x − y ) ( x 2 + x y + y 2 − 1 ) = 0 . If we let x − y = 0 , then using either condition results in x 2 = 3 1 . Substituting it into the expression (to be minimized), one obtains 2 x 2 + 4 x 2 ( 1 + x 2 ) 2 = 3 2 + 3 4 9 1 6 = 2 . If we let x 2 + x y + y 2 − 1 = 0 , then we can substitute 1 − x y for x 2 + y 2 anywhere it occurs in the expression (to be minimized), obtaining x 2 + y 2 + x 2 + y 2 + 2 x y ( 1 + x y ) 2 = 1 − x y + 1 − x y + 2 x y ( 1 + x y ) 2 = 1 − x y + 1 + x y ( 1 + x y ) 2 = 1 − x y + 1 + x y = 2 . So, therefore, since the expression is strictly positive, with only one discontinuity, an infinite discontinuity, we can see that the global minimum is 2 .