Integer solutions

Find the number of pairs of integers ( x , y ) (x,y) satisfying 2 x + x y = y 2 + 13 2x + xy =y^2 +13 .


The answer is 4.

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2 solutions

Chris Lewis
Jul 3, 2019

We have y 2 x y + 13 2 x = 0 y^2-xy+13-2x=0 , a quadratic in y y . For integer solutions, the discriminant of this quadratic must be the square of an integer, that is

x 2 + 8 x 52 = m 2 x^2+8x-52=m^2

for some integer m m .

Completing the square and rearranging, we have

( x + 4 ) 2 m 2 = 68 (x+4)^2-m^2=68

We can factorise the difference of two squares to get

( x + 4 + m ) ( x + 4 m ) = 68 (x+4+m)(x+4-m)=68

So we just need to look at the divisors (positive and negative) of 68 68 . For a particular divisor d d , we would need to solve x + 4 + m = d x+4+m=d and x + 4 m = 68 d x+4-m=\frac{68}{d} . Adding these, we find 2 x + 8 = d + 68 d 2x+8=d+\frac{68}{d} , so we are only interested in the cases when d d and 68 d \frac{68}{d} have the same parity. They can't both be odd, as 68 68 is even; so they must both be even. The cases are now easy to list:

d d 68 d \frac{68}{d} x x m m
34 -34 2 -2 22 -22 16 -16
2 -2 34 -34 22 -22 16 16
2 2 34 34 14 14 16 -16
34 34 2 2 14 14 16 16

It can easily be checked that these all lead to integer solutions for y y ; the solution pairs ( x , y ) (x,y) are ( 22 , 19 ) (-22,-19) , ( 22 , 3 ) (-22,-3) , ( 14 , 1 ) (14,-1) and ( 14 , 15 ) (14,15) , that is 4 \boxed4 in total.

x = y 2 + 13 2 + y x=\frac{y^2+13}{2+y}

g c d ( y 2 + 13 , ± ( 2 + y ) ) = 2 + y g c d ( 2 y 13 , ± ( 2 + y ) ) = 2 + y g c d ( 17 , ± ( 2 + y ) ) = 2 + y \implies gcd(y^2+13,\pm (2+y))=2+y \implies gcd(2y-13,\pm(2+y))=2+y \implies gcd(17,\pm(2+y))=2+y

where 2 + y > 0 2+y > 0 .

therefore

2 + y = ± 17 o r ± 1 2+y= \pm 17 \ or \ \pm 1

There would be 4 4 possible pairs ( x , y ) (x,y) then. ( 14 , 15 ) , ( 22 , 19 ) ( 14 , 1 ) ( 22 , 3 ) (14,15),(-22,-19)(14,-1)(-22,-3)

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