Integral #4

Calculus Level 3

1 3 x x x . . . 3 3 3 3 d x = a b + c \large \int_{1}^{3}\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{...}}}}\ dx = \sqrt[b]{a} + c

The equation above holds true for rational numbers a a , b b , and c c . If a + b + c = p q a + b + c = \dfrac{p}{q} , where p p and q q are relatively prime integers, what is p + q p + q ?


The answer is 43.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Mar 26, 2020

Let u = x x x 3 3 3 3 u = \sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]\cdots}}} . Then u 3 = x u u 2 = x 2 u d u = d x u^3 = xu \implies u^2 = x \implies 2u\ du = dx and

1 3 x x x 3 3 3 3 d x = 1 3 2 u 2 d u = 2 3 u 3 1 3 = 2 3 ( 3 3 1 ) = 12 2 3 \int_1^3 \sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]\cdots}}} \ dx = \int_1^{\sqrt 3} 2u^2 \ du = \frac 23 u^3 \bigg|_1^{\sqrt 3} = \frac 23 (3\sqrt 3 - 1) = \sqrt{12} - \frac 23

Therefore a + b + c = 12 + 2 2 3 = 40 3 p + q = 40 + 3 = 43 a+b+c = 12 + 2 - \dfrac 23 = \dfrac {40}3 \implies p + q = 40 + 3 = \boxed{43} .

The integrand is x 1 3 + 1 9 + 1 27 + . . . = x 1 2 x^{\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{27}+...}=x^{\dfrac{1}{2}} . The value of the integral is thus 2 3 ( 3 3 2 1 ) = 12 2 3 \dfrac{2}{3}(3^{\dfrac{3}{2}}-1)=\sqrt {12}-\dfrac{2}{3} . So a = 2 , b = 12 , c = 2 3 a=2,b=12,c=-\dfrac{2}{3} and a + b + c = 40 3 p = 40 , q = 3 a+b+c=\dfrac{40}{3} \implies p=40, q=3 and p + q = 43 p+q=\boxed {43} .

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