Integral sum thing 500

Calculus Level 3

n = 2 ζ ( n ) cos ( π n 2 ) n = log ( π csch ( π ) ) a \large \sum _{n=2}^{\infty } \frac{\zeta (n) \cos \left(\frac{\pi n}{2}\right)}{n}=\frac{\log (\pi \text{csch}(\pi ))}{a}

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Notation: ζ ( ) \zeta(\cdot) denotes the Riemann zeta function .


The answer is 2.

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1 solution

Chew-Seong Cheong
Dec 26, 2017

S = n = 2 ζ ( n ) cos ( π n 2 ) n Note that cos ( π n 2 ) = { 1 if n m o d 4 = 0 0 if n m o d 4 = 1 1 if n m o d 4 = 2 0 if n m o d 4 = 3 = n = 1 ( 1 ) n ζ ( 2 n ) 2 n = 1 2 n = 1 ( 1 ) n k = 1 1 k 2 n n = 1 2 k = 1 n = 1 ( 1 ) n n ( 1 k 2 ) n = 1 2 k = 1 log ( 1 + 1 k 2 ) = 1 2 log ( k = 1 ( 1 + 1 k 2 ) ) Using sin ( π s ) π s = n = 1 ( 1 s 2 n 2 ) = 1 2 log ( sin π i π i ) Using sin x = i 2 ( e x i e x i ) = 1 2 log ( e π e π 2 π ) = 1 2 log ( sinh π π ) = log ( π csch ( π ) ) 2 \begin{aligned} S & = \sum_{n=2}^\infty \frac {\zeta(n) \color{#3D99F6}\cos \left(\frac {\pi n} 2 \right)}n & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Note that }\cos \left(\frac {\pi n} 2 \right) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if }n \bmod 4 = 0 \\ 0 & \text{if }n \bmod 4 = 1 \\ -1 & \text{if }n \bmod 4 = 2 \\ 0 & \text{if }n \bmod 4 = 3 \end{cases} \\ & = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {(-1)^n \zeta(2n)}{2n} \\ & = \frac 12 \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {(-1)^n \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac 1{k^{2n}}}n \\ & = \frac 12 \sum_{k=1}^\infty \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {(-1)^n}n \left(\frac 1{k^2}\right)^n \\ & = - \frac 12 \sum_{k=1}^\infty \log \left(1 + \frac 1{k^2}\right) \\ & = - \frac 12 \log \left({\color{#3D99F6} \prod_{k=1}^\infty \left(1 + \frac 1{k^2}\right)}\right) & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Using }\frac {\sin (\pi s)}{\pi s} = \prod_{n=1}^\infty \left(1-\frac {s^2}{n^2}\right) \\ & = - \frac 12 \log \left({\color{#3D99F6}\frac {\sin {\pi i}}{\pi i}}\right) & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Using }\sin x = \frac i2 \left(e^{-xi} - e^{xi} \right) \\ & = - \frac 12 \log \left({\color{#3D99F6}\frac {e^\pi - e^{-\pi}}{2\pi}}\right) \\ & = - \frac 12 \log \left(\frac {\sinh \pi }\pi \right) \\ & = \frac {\log \left(\pi \text{ csch}(\pi) \right)}2 \end{aligned}

Therefore, a = 2 a = \boxed{2} .

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