Integral with Floor

Calculus Level 3

The expression 1 100 x x d x \int_1^{100} x \lfloor x \rfloor \text{ d} x is equal to some integer N N . What is the remainder when N N is divided by 100 100 ?


The answer is 25.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Jul 14, 2020

I = 1 100 x x d x = k = 1 99 k k + 1 x x d x = k = 1 99 k k + 1 k x d x = k = 1 99 k x 2 2 k k + 1 = k = 1 99 k 2 ( k 2 + 2 k + 1 k 2 ) = k = 1 99 ( k 2 + k 2 ) = 99 ( 100 ) ( 199 ) 6 + 99 ( 100 ) 4 = 330825 \begin{aligned} I & = \int_1^{100} x \lfloor x \rfloor \ dx = \sum_{k=1}^{99} \int_k^{k+1} x \lfloor x \rfloor \ dx = \sum_{k=1}^{99} \int_k^{k+1} k x \ dx \\ & = \sum_{k=1}^{99} \frac {kx^2}2 \ \bigg|_k^{k+1} = \sum_{k=1}^{99} \frac k2 \left(k^2 + 2k + 1 - k^2 \right) \\ & = \sum_{k=1}^{99} \left(k^2 + \frac k2 \right) = \frac {99(100)(199)}6 + \frac {99(100)}4 = 330825 \end{aligned}

Therefore N 330825 25 (mod 100) N \equiv 330825 \equiv \boxed{25} \text{ (mod 100)} .

The value of the integral is 1 2 ( i = 1 99 i ( i + 1 ) 2 i = 1 99 i 3 ) \dfrac 12\left (\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{99} i(i+1)^2-\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{99} i^3\right )

= 1 2 i = 1 99 ( 2 i 2 + i ) =\dfrac 12\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{99} (2i^2+i)

= 330825 =330825

Hence the required answer is 25 \boxed {25} .

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