Integrating Cyclotomic Polynomials

Calculus Level 5

Find 0 1 ln ( Φ 2015 ( x ) ) x d x = a b π 2 \int_0^1 \dfrac{\ln(\Phi_{2015}(x))}{x} dx=\dfrac{a}{b} \pi^2 Where Φ n ( x ) \Phi_n(x) are cyclotomic polynomials and a,b are coprime, find a+b


The answer is 451.

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1 solution

Otto Bretscher
Apr 9, 2016

Another delightful problem to do at the breakfast table on a Saturday morning! Thanks, Comrade!

First note that

0 1 ln ( 1 x n ) x d x = L i 2 ( 1 ) n = π 2 6 n \int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln(1-x^n)}{x}dx=-\frac{Li_2(1)}{n}=-\frac{\pi^2}{6n}

Now 1 x n = d n f d ( x ) 1-x^n=\prod_{d|n}f_d(x) where f d ( x ) f_d(x) is the d d th cyclotomic polynomial except for f 1 ( x ) = 1 x f_1(x)=1-x . Thus ln ( 1 x n ) = d n ln ( f d ( x ) ) \ln(1-x^n)=\sum_{d|n}\ln(f_d(x)) and , by Möbius inversion, ln ( f n ( x ) ) = d n μ ( d ) ln ( 1 x n / d ) \ln(f_n(x))=\sum_{d|n}\mu(d)\ln(1-x^{n/d}) . Then 0 1 ln ( f n ( x ) ) x d x = π 2 6 n d n μ ( d ) d = π 2 6 n p n ( 1 p ) \int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln(f_n(x))}{x}dx=-\frac{\pi^2}{6n}\sum_{d|n}\mu(d)d=-\frac{\pi^2}{6n}\prod_{p|n}(1-p) where p p is prime.

For n = 2015 = 5 × 13 × 31 n=2015=5\times 13\times 31 this gives ϕ ( 2015 ) 2015 × π 2 6 = 48 π 2 403 \frac{\phi(2015)}{2015}\times \frac{\pi^2}{6}=\frac{48\pi^2}{403} and the answer is 451 \boxed{451} .

Small discrepancy: My answer comes out positive while yours is negative; let's both double-check (the sign error may well be on my end). According to my work, the answer comes out positive iff n n has an odd number of distinct prime factors.

My answer comes out positive as well

Julian Poon - 5 years, 2 months ago

just realised a silly mistake in my working, the answer is positive.

Aareyan Manzoor - 5 years, 2 months ago

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