Find Where are cyclotomic polynomials and a,b are coprime, find a+b
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Another delightful problem to do at the breakfast table on a Saturday morning! Thanks, Comrade!
First note that
∫ 0 1 x ln ( 1 − x n ) d x = − n L i 2 ( 1 ) = − 6 n π 2
Now 1 − x n = ∏ d ∣ n f d ( x ) where f d ( x ) is the d th cyclotomic polynomial except for f 1 ( x ) = 1 − x . Thus ln ( 1 − x n ) = ∑ d ∣ n ln ( f d ( x ) ) and , by Möbius inversion, ln ( f n ( x ) ) = ∑ d ∣ n μ ( d ) ln ( 1 − x n / d ) . Then ∫ 0 1 x ln ( f n ( x ) ) d x = − 6 n π 2 ∑ d ∣ n μ ( d ) d = − 6 n π 2 ∏ p ∣ n ( 1 − p ) where p is prime.
For n = 2 0 1 5 = 5 × 1 3 × 3 1 this gives 2 0 1 5 ϕ ( 2 0 1 5 ) × 6 π 2 = 4 0 3 4 8 π 2 and the answer is 4 5 1 .
Small discrepancy: My answer comes out positive while yours is negative; let's both double-check (the sign error may well be on my end). According to my work, the answer comes out positive iff n has an odd number of distinct prime factors.