Integration Parts

Calculus Level 3

Let f ( a ) = f ( b ) = 0 f(a)=f(b)=0 and a b f 2 ( x ) d x = 1 \displaystyle \int_a^b f^2(x)\,dx=1 . Find the value of

a b x f ( x ) f ( x ) d x \int_{a}^b xf(x)f'(x)\,dx


The answer is -0.5.

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2 solutions

Karan Chatrath
Nov 24, 2020

f 2 ( x ) d x = x f 2 ( x ) 2 x f ( x ) f ( x ) d x I n t e g r a t i o n b y p a r t s \int f^2(x) \ dx = xf^2(x) - 2\int x f(x) f'(x) \ dx \ - \ \mathrm{Integration \ by \ parts} a b f 2 ( x ) d x = b f 2 ( b ) a f 2 ( a ) 2 a b x f ( x ) f ( x ) d x \implies \int_{a}^{b} f^2(x) \ dx = bf^2(b) - af^2(a) - 2\int_{a}^{b} x f(x) f'(x) \ dx f ( a ) = f ( b ) = 0 \because f(a)=f(b) = 0 a b f 2 ( x ) d x = 2 a b x f ( x ) f ( x ) d x \implies \int_{a}^{b} f^2(x) \ dx = - 2\int_{a}^{b} x f(x) f'(x) \ dx 1 = 2 a b x f ( x ) f ( x ) d x \implies 1 = - 2\int_{a}^{b} x f(x) f'(x) \ dx a b x f ( x ) f ( x ) d x = 1 2 \implies \boxed{\int_{a}^{b} x f(x) f'(x) \ dx = -\frac{1}{2}}

Chew-Seong Cheong
Nov 25, 2020

By integration by parts :

a b x f ( x ) f ( x ) d x = x f 2 ( x ) a b a b f 2 ( x ) d x a b x f ( x ) f ( x ) d x 2 a b x f ( x ) f ( x ) d x = b f ( b ) a f ( a ) 1 = 0 0 1 a b x f ( x ) f ( x ) d x = 1 2 = 0.5 \begin{aligned} \blue{\int_a^b x f(x) f'(x) dx} & = xf^2(x) \ \big|_a^b - \int_a^b f^2 (x) dx - \blue{\int_a^b xf(x)f'(x) dx} \\ \blue{2 \int_a^b x f(x) f'(x) dx} & = bf(b) - af(a) - 1 = 0 - 0 - 1 \\ \implies \int_a^b x f(x) f'(x) dx & = - \frac 12 = \boxed{-0.5} \end{aligned}

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