Interesting Observation

Calculus Level 4

A curve is specified by the parametric equation

( x ( t ) , y ( t ) ) = ( 2 ( sin t 1 ) 2 cos t , 3 ( cos t 5 ) 2 cos t ) (x(t), y(t)) = ( \dfrac{ 2 (\sin t - 1) } { 2 - \cos t } ,\dfrac{ 3 (\cos t - 5) }{ 2 - \cos t} ) .

The curve turns out to be an ellipse. Find the sum of the semi-minor and semi-major axes. If the sum is S S , enter 1000 S \lfloor 1000 S \rfloor as your answer.

Inspired by this problem


The answer is 4207.

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1 solution

Chris Lewis
Jul 16, 2019

That certainly is interesting! Here's a sketch of one approach:

  • rearrange the expression for y y to find cos t = 2 y + 15 3 + y \cos{t}=\frac{2y+15}{3+y}

  • substitute this into the expression for x x , and rearrange to find sin t = x ( 2 y + 15 ) x 2 ( 3 + y ) + 1 \sin{t}=x-\frac{(2y+15)x}{2(3+y)}+1

  • square these two equations and add, then tidy up: 81 x 2 36 x y + 16 y 2 108 x + 240 y + 900 = 0 81x^2-36xy+16y^2-108x+240y+900=0

which is indeed the equation of an ellipse, in a slightly more familiar guise. We then work out the axes from here - using, for example, this . The two axes are

2 ( 97 ± 5521 ) 6 \frac{\sqrt{2(97\pm \sqrt{5521})}}{6}

with numerical values 3.0849 3.0849\ldots and 1.1229 1.1229\ldots leading to the answer 4207 \boxed{4207} .

I strongly suspect there's a better approach than this!

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