Evaluate the sum where x is a real number such that ∣ x ∣ < 1
n = 1 ∑ ∞ ( − 1 ) n − 1 n ( ln ( 1 − x ) + x + 2 x 2 + 3 x 3 + . . . + n x n )
If the value of the sum when x = 2 1 is of the form b a − d ln c where a and b are coprime positive integers and c is prime, then find the value of a b c d
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Nice problem and here is my solution
For ∣ x ∣ < 1 , f ( x ) can be written as ln ( 1 − x ) + k = 1 ∑ n k x k = − k = 1 ∑ ∞ k + n x k + n = − k = 1 ∑ ∞ ∫ 0 x u k + n − 1 d u = − ∫ 0 x 1 − u u n d u and hence we have − n ≥ 1 ∑ ( − 1 ) n − 1 n f ( x ) = − n ≥ 1 ∑ ( − 1 ) n − 1 n ∫ 0 x 1 − u u n d u = − ∫ 0 x 1 − u d u ( n ≥ 1 ∑ ( − 1 ) n − 1 n u n ) = − ∫ 0 x 1 − u d u ( u ⋅ d u d ( 1 + u ) 1 ) = ∫ 0 x ( 1 − u ) ( 1 + u ) 2 − u d u = I ( x ) and hence we are left to evaluate I ( x ) = . ∫ 0 x ( ( 1 + u ) 2 1 − ( 1 − u ) ( 1 + u ) 2 1 ) d u set x = 2 1 and it's easy to integrate the above two integral ie ∫ 0 2 1 ( 1 + u ) 2 d u = − 3 2 + 1 = 3 1 and on the similar way ∫ 0 2 1 ( 1 − u ) ( 1 + u ) 2 d u = [ 4 1 ln ( 1 − u 1 + u ) + 2 ( 1 + u ) 1 ] 0 2 1 = 4 1 ln 3 + 6 1 and hence we have I ( 2 − 1 ) = 3 1 − ( 6 1 + 4 1 ln 3 ) = 6 1 − 4 1 ln 3 making our required answer a b c d = 7 2