Intersection of circles

Geometry Level 4

Circles Γ 1 \Gamma_1 and Γ 2 \Gamma_2 have centers X X and Y Y respectively. They intersect at points A A and B B , such that angle X A Y XAY is obtuse . The line A X AX intersects Γ 2 \Gamma_2 again at P P , and the line A Y AY intersects Γ 1 \Gamma_1 again at Q Q . Lines P Q PQ and X Y XY intersect at G G , such that Q Q lies on line segment G P GP . If G Q = 255 GQ = 255 , G P = 266 GP = 266 and G X = 190 GX = 190 , what is the length of X Y XY ?


The answer is 167.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

6 solutions

Yuchen Liu
Aug 5, 2013

As points A,P lie on circle Y, Y P = Y A , A P Y = Y A P YP=YA, \angle APY=\angle YAP

Similarly for circle X, A X = Q X , X A Q = X Q A AX=QX, \angle XAQ= \angle XQA

Since Y A P = X A Q \angle YAP=\angle XAQ

Y P A = X Q A \angle YPA= \angle XQA

Hence quadrilateral Y X Q P YXQP is cyclic.

X P G = G Y Q \angle XPG=\angle GYQ

Therefore P X G Y Q G \bigtriangleup PXG \sim \bigtriangleup YQG

X G G Q = P G Y G \frac{XG}{GQ}=\frac{PG}{YG}

G Y = 266 × 255 190 = 357 GY=\frac{266 \times 255}{190} = 357

X Y = G Y G X = 357 190 = 167 XY= GY - GX = 357 -190 = 167

Thus the answer is 167 \boxed{167}

Moderator note:

Good observation of the 4 concyclic points.

Can you explain how, if at all, the condition that "angle X A Y XAY is obtuse " is used? Slight care has to be taken in justifying some of your statements.

Wouldn't it be faster using the power of point theorem?

Zi Song Yeoh - 7 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

But I guess there is no harm to present the solution in a more 'tedious' way, for the benefit of those who do not know the theorem. Thanks for bringing it up man!

Yuchen Liu - 7 years, 10 months ago

X A Y \angle XAY is used to determines the order of points on A X AX and A Y AY . If X A Y \angle XAY is acute, then X X is on line segment A P AP and Y Y is on line segment A Q AQ . In contrast, if X A Y \angle XAY is obtuse, then A A is on line segment X P XP and Y Q YQ .

I don't know whether if this is the answer for the note. :)

Tùng Nguyễn Minh - 7 years, 10 months ago

Log in to reply

Yes I agree with you. :)

Yuchen Liu - 7 years, 10 months ago

We have: X A . X P = X Y 2 R 2 2 = X Y 2 Y A 2 XA.XP=XY^2-R^2_2=XY^2-YA^2 and Y A . Y P = X Y 2 R 1 2 = X Y 2 X A 2 YA.YP=XY^2-R^2_1=XY^2-XA^2 .

Therefore, X A . X P X A 2 = Y A . Y Q Y A 2 XA.XP-XA^2=YA.YQ-YA^2 or X A . P A = Y A . Q A XA.PA=YA.QA .

Since X A Y = Q A P \angle XAY= \angle QAP and X A Y A = Q A P A \frac{XA}{YA}=\frac{QA}{PA} , so Δ G Q Y Δ G X P \Delta GQY \propto \Delta GXP

Therefore, G Q G X = G Y G P \frac{GQ}{GX}=\frac{GY}{GP} and G Y = G Q . G P G X = 357 GY=\frac{GQ.GP}{GX}=357 , so X Y = G Y G X = 167 XY=GY-GX=167

Moderator note:

Why must we have X Y = G Y G X XY = GY - GX ? Does that require some assumption about the position of the points?

Sorry, I accidentally hit the button 'continue', that's the end of my solution: Therefore, G Q G X = G Y G P \frac{GQ}{GX}=\frac{GY}{GP} and G Y = G Q . G P G X = 357 GY=\frac{GQ.GP}{GX}=357 , so X Y = G Y G X = 167 XY=GY-GX=167

Đinh Ngọc Hải - 7 years, 10 months ago
Ivan Wangsa
Aug 7, 2013

Note that since Q A X = P A Y \angle QAX = \angle PAY and Q X = X A , A Y = Y P QX=XA, AY = YP , then X Q A = Q A X = Y A P = A P Y \angle XQA = \angle QAX = \angle YAP = \angle APY , and thus Q X A = A Y P \angle QXA = \angle AYP , or in other words, Q X P = Q Y P \angle QXP = \angle QYP , making Q X Y P QXYP a cyclic quadrilateral. Now, consider its circumcircle Γ \Gamma .

The power of G G to Γ \Gamma can be expressed in two ways, which is G X × G Y GX\times GY and G Q × G P GQ \times GP . We have: G Y = G Q × G P G X = 255 × 266 190 = 357 GY = \frac{GQ \times GP}{GX} = \frac{255\times 266}{190} = 357 and consequently X Y = G Y G X = 357 190 = 167. XY = GY - GX = 357 - 190 = 167.

Patrick Hompe
Aug 6, 2013

We prove that XYQP is cyclic. Since QXA and AYP are both isoceles, we find that angle XQA=angle XAQ=angle YAP=angle YPA. Therefore, it is cyclic, and the power of G with respect to that circle yields the answer.

Samir Khan
Aug 4, 2013

We begin by noticing that A A lies on the radical axis of the two circles, and so

Q A A Y = P A A X Q A P A = A Y A X . \displaystyle QA\cdot AY=PA\cdot AX\Longrightarrow \frac{QA}{PA}=\frac{AY}{AX}.

Also, Q A X = P A Y \measuredangle QAX=\measuredangle PAY . This, combined with the above ratio, shows that Q A X P A Y \triangle QAX\sim \triangle PAY . Since similar triangles have equal angles, Y P A = X Q A \measuredangle YPA=\measuredangle XQA , but this means that quadrilateral Q P Y X QPYX is cyclic. Since opposite angles in a cyclic quad are supplementary,

G Q X = π P Q X = X Y P . \displaystyle \measuredangle GQX=\pi-\measuredangle PQX=\measuredangle XYP.

Similarly,

G X Q = π Q X Y = Q P Y . \displaystyle \measuredangle GXQ=\pi-\measuredangle QXY=\measuredangle QPY.

It follows from these two pairs of equal angles that G Q X G Y P \triangle GQX\sim\triangle GYP . Using the ratios of sides, and plugging in our known values,

G P G X = G Y G Q 266 190 = 190 + X Y 255 . \displaystyle \frac{GP}{GX}=\frac{GY}{GQ}\Longrightarrow \frac{266}{190}=\frac{190+\overline{XY}}{255}.

Solving gives X Y = 167 \overline{XY}=167 .

I realized after reading the solution that the cyclic quad can be noticed just by drawing a few radii and using isosceles triangles. Oops.

Samir Khan - 7 years, 10 months ago

Since X P Y = Y A P = X A Q = X Q Y \angle XPY =\angle YAP = \angle XAQ = \angle XQY , we have X Q P Y XQPY is an cyclic quadrilateral. It follows that G Q X = G Y P \angle GQX = \angle GYP . The two triangles G Q X GQX and G Y P GYP have a common angle Y G P \angle YGP and G Q X = G Y P \angle GQX = \angle GYP , so these two triangles are similar. This leads to the ratio G Q G Y = G X G P G Y = G P G Q G X = 255 266 190 = 357 \frac{GQ}{GY}=\frac{GX}{GP} \rightarrow GY=\frac{GP*GQ}{GX}=\frac{255*266}{190}=357 . So X Y = G Y G X = 357 190 = 167 XY=GY-GX=357-190=167

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...