Circles Γ 1 and Γ 2 have centers X and Y respectively. They intersect at points A and B , such that angle X A Y is obtuse . The line A X intersects Γ 2 again at P , and the line A Y intersects Γ 1 again at Q . Lines P Q and X Y intersect at G , such that Q lies on line segment G P . If G Q = 2 5 5 , G P = 2 6 6 and G X = 1 9 0 , what is the length of X Y ?
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Good observation of the 4 concyclic points.
Can you explain how, if at all, the condition that "angle X A Y is obtuse " is used? Slight care has to be taken in justifying some of your statements.
Wouldn't it be faster using the power of point theorem?
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But I guess there is no harm to present the solution in a more 'tedious' way, for the benefit of those who do not know the theorem. Thanks for bringing it up man!
∠ X A Y is used to determines the order of points on A X and A Y . If ∠ X A Y is acute, then X is on line segment A P and Y is on line segment A Q . In contrast, if ∠ X A Y is obtuse, then A is on line segment X P and Y Q .
I don't know whether if this is the answer for the note. :)
We have: X A . X P = X Y 2 − R 2 2 = X Y 2 − Y A 2 and Y A . Y P = X Y 2 − R 1 2 = X Y 2 − X A 2 .
Therefore, X A . X P − X A 2 = Y A . Y Q − Y A 2 or X A . P A = Y A . Q A .
Since ∠ X A Y = ∠ Q A P and Y A X A = P A Q A , so Δ G Q Y ∝ Δ G X P
Therefore, G X G Q = G P G Y and G Y = G X G Q . G P = 3 5 7 , so X Y = G Y − G X = 1 6 7
Why must we have X Y = G Y − G X ? Does that require some assumption about the position of the points?
Sorry, I accidentally hit the button 'continue', that's the end of my solution: Therefore, G X G Q = G P G Y and G Y = G X G Q . G P = 3 5 7 , so X Y = G Y − G X = 1 6 7
Note that since ∠ Q A X = ∠ P A Y and Q X = X A , A Y = Y P , then ∠ X Q A = ∠ Q A X = ∠ Y A P = ∠ A P Y , and thus ∠ Q X A = ∠ A Y P , or in other words, ∠ Q X P = ∠ Q Y P , making Q X Y P a cyclic quadrilateral. Now, consider its circumcircle Γ .
The power of G to Γ can be expressed in two ways, which is G X × G Y and G Q × G P . We have: G Y = G X G Q × G P = 1 9 0 2 5 5 × 2 6 6 = 3 5 7 and consequently X Y = G Y − G X = 3 5 7 − 1 9 0 = 1 6 7 .
We prove that XYQP is cyclic. Since QXA and AYP are both isoceles, we find that angle XQA=angle XAQ=angle YAP=angle YPA. Therefore, it is cyclic, and the power of G with respect to that circle yields the answer.
We begin by noticing that A lies on the radical axis of the two circles, and so
Q A ⋅ A Y = P A ⋅ A X ⟹ P A Q A = A X A Y .
Also, ∡ Q A X = ∡ P A Y . This, combined with the above ratio, shows that △ Q A X ∼ △ P A Y . Since similar triangles have equal angles, ∡ Y P A = ∡ X Q A , but this means that quadrilateral Q P Y X is cyclic. Since opposite angles in a cyclic quad are supplementary,
∡ G Q X = π − ∡ P Q X = ∡ X Y P .
Similarly,
∡ G X Q = π − ∡ Q X Y = ∡ Q P Y .
It follows from these two pairs of equal angles that △ G Q X ∼ △ G Y P . Using the ratios of sides, and plugging in our known values,
G X G P = G Q G Y ⟹ 1 9 0 2 6 6 = 2 5 5 1 9 0 + X Y .
Solving gives X Y = 1 6 7 .
I realized after reading the solution that the cyclic quad can be noticed just by drawing a few radii and using isosceles triangles. Oops.
Since ∠ X P Y = ∠ Y A P = ∠ X A Q = ∠ X Q Y , we have X Q P Y is an cyclic quadrilateral. It follows that ∠ G Q X = ∠ G Y P . The two triangles G Q X and G Y P have a common angle ∠ Y G P and ∠ G Q X = ∠ G Y P , so these two triangles are similar. This leads to the ratio G Y G Q = G P G X → G Y = G X G P ∗ G Q = 1 9 0 2 5 5 ∗ 2 6 6 = 3 5 7 . So X Y = G Y − G X = 3 5 7 − 1 9 0 = 1 6 7
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As points A,P lie on circle Y, Y P = Y A , ∠ A P Y = ∠ Y A P
Similarly for circle X, A X = Q X , ∠ X A Q = ∠ X Q A
Since ∠ Y A P = ∠ X A Q
∠ Y P A = ∠ X Q A
Hence quadrilateral Y X Q P is cyclic.
∠ X P G = ∠ G Y Q
Therefore △ P X G ∼ △ Y Q G
G Q X G = Y G P G
G Y = 1 9 0 2 6 6 × 2 5 5 = 3 5 7
X Y = G Y − G X = 3 5 7 − 1 9 0 = 1 6 7
Thus the answer is 1 6 7