Intersection points, part 2

Algebra Level 5

f ( x ) = 1 10 ( x 3 + 3 x 2 + 4 x 18 ) f(x)=-\frac{1}{10}\left(x^3+3x^2+4x-18\right)

Given that the graphs of f f and its inverse f 1 f^{-1} intersect at 5 points, denoted as ( a i , b i ) (a_i,b_i) for i = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 i=1,2,3,4,5 .

Let S = i = 1 5 a i \displaystyle S=\sum_{i=1}^{5} |a_i| . Find 1000 S \displaystyle \left \lfloor 1000S\right \rfloor .

Notation : \lfloor \cdot \rfloor denotes the floor function .


The answer is 8898.

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1 solution

Yaniv Nimni
Jul 27, 2016

I can only give a partly solution because the way i solved it is very tedious and i dont know if there is a trick that makes the solving process easy and intuitive. I will first give an intuition to my solution:

If f f and f 1 f^{-1} intersect in point ( a , b ) (a,b) it must mean that point ( b , a ) (b,a) is also a point of intersection. For f 1 f^{-1} and every input x x the following must apply - f 1 ( f ( x ) ) = x f^{-1}(f(x)) =x . Therefore on the intersection points the following must also apply - f ( f ( x ) ) = x f(f(x)) =x . This is only true if x x is an intersection point!

So this is what i did. I mounted f f on f f and i want to look for all values x x that hold f ( f ( x ) ) = x f(f(x)) =x . For convenience i denoted f = 1 10 g f=\frac{-1}{10}g where g g is the polynomial. After a little algebric work we get to the following equation:

1000 ( 10 x 18 ) = g 3 30 g 2 + 400 g 1000(10x-18)=g^3-30g^2+400g . Now all we have to do is insert the polynomial instead of g g , open up all the brackets and convene everything into one big polynomial. After some very tedious algebric work (which i used wolfram alpha for) we get the following equation:

x 9 + 9 x 8 + 39 x 7 + 15 x 6 348 x 5 1284 x 4 + 500 x 3 + 6012 x 2 192 x 4752 = 0 x^9+9x^8+39x^7+15x^6-348x^5-1284x^4+500x^3+6012x^2-192x-4752=0 . This polynomial has 5 real roots and 4 complex roots. We are interested only in the real roots. With the help of wolfram alpha again, i extracted the real roots of the polynomial and they are 1 , 1 , 2 , 6 , 6 -1,1,2,-\sqrt{6},\sqrt{6} and these are all the values a i a_i . Therefore S = 4 + 2 6 = 8.89897... S= 4+2\sqrt{6}=8.89897... . And the answer is 1000 S = 8898 \lfloor 1000S \rfloor = \boxed{8898} .

I think you've made an error and there are only 3 intersection points. At x=-1, f(x)=2 so that point cannot lie on the inverse.

Omar Eldaghar - 4 years, 10 months ago

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And why not? f(2) = -1. So both 2 and -1 are points of intersection

Yaniv Nimni - 4 years, 10 months ago

Wolfram is amazing, no?

Manuel Kahayon - 4 years, 10 months ago

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I'm still curious, is this quesiton solvable without any computer assistance @Chan Lye Lee ?

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 10 months ago

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