Which must be true?

P P is the set of four-digit numbers a b c d \overline{abcd} where a , b , c and d a,b,c \text{ and } d are unique non-zero digits, and a + b + c + d = 13 a+b+c+d=13

Which of the following must be true?

  1. Half of the elements of P P are odd and half are even.

  2. P P contains 72 72 elements.

  3. The probability that a number chosen at random from P P contains the digit 3 3 is 1 4 \frac{1}{4} .

  4. There are no elements of P P that contain both the digit 2 2 and the digit 5 5 .

  5. The range of the elements in P P is 5976 5976 .

  6. All elements in P P contain the digit 1 1 .

If you think the first three statements are correct enter your answer as 123 123 .

Hint Only three statements are correct.


The answer is 246.

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1 solution

Stephen Brown
Dec 29, 2017

We can do a little casework to come up with possible digit sets for ( a , b , c , d ) (a,b,c,d) , from which we can gather more information. Without loss of generality, let's say a < b < c < d a<b<c<d . The smallest possible sum a + b + c a+b+c is 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 1+2+3=6 , so the maximum for d d is 7 7 . Obviously ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 ) (1,2,3,7) is the only way to have 7 7 as the largest element; if 6 6 is the largest element, the only possibility is ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 ) (1,2,4,6) , and if 5 5 is the largest element, the only possibility is ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) (1,3,4,5) . If 4 4 is the largest element, then 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 1+2+3+4=10 is the largest possible sum, so these are the only three possibilities. The elements of P P consist of permutations of these three sets of digits. Now let's consider each statement.

  1. Each digit in each set is equally likely to be the last digit, so 1 4 \frac{1}{4} of ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 ) (1,2,3,7) , 3 4 \frac{3}{4} of ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 ) (1,2,4,6) , and 1 4 \frac{1}{4} of ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) (1,3,4,5) permutations are even. Each set contains 1 3 \frac{1}{3} of the elements of P P , so 1 4 × 1 3 + 3 4 × 1 3 + 1 4 × 1 3 = 5 12 \frac{1}{4}\times\frac{1}{3}+\frac{3}{4}\times\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\times\frac{1}{3}=\frac{5}{12} of elements of P P are even. 1 is false.

  2. There are 4 ! = 24 4!=24 permutations of each set of digits, so 24 × 3 = 72 24\times3=72 total elements total. 2 is true.

  3. 3 3 is an element of 2 2 out of 3 3 sets of digits, so the probability that an element of P P contains 3 3 is 2 3 \frac{2}{3} . 3 is false.

  4. No set contains both 2 2 and 5 5 . Including both would require a duplication of some digit. 4 is true.

  5. The largest element of P P is 7321 7321 and the smallest is 1237 1237 , so the range is 7321 1237 = 6084 5976 7321-1237=6084\neq5976 . 5 is false.

  6. All sets contain 1 1 as an element. If 1 1 were not included, the smallest possible sum would be 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 14 > 13 2+3+4+5=14>13 . 6 is true.

So statements 2, 4, and 6 are true and the answer is 246 \boxed{246}

Nice and logical solution. Thank you for sharing it.

Hana Wehbi - 3 years, 5 months ago

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