is the set of four-digit numbers where are unique non-zero digits, and
Which of the following must be true?
Half of the elements of are odd and half are even.
contains elements.
The probability that a number chosen at random from contains the digit is .
There are no elements of that contain both the digit and the digit .
The range of the elements in is .
All elements in contain the digit .
If you think the first three statements are correct enter your answer as .
Hint Only three statements are correct.
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We can do a little casework to come up with possible digit sets for ( a , b , c , d ) , from which we can gather more information. Without loss of generality, let's say a < b < c < d . The smallest possible sum a + b + c is 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 , so the maximum for d is 7 . Obviously ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 ) is the only way to have 7 as the largest element; if 6 is the largest element, the only possibility is ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 ) , and if 5 is the largest element, the only possibility is ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) . If 4 is the largest element, then 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 1 0 is the largest possible sum, so these are the only three possibilities. The elements of P consist of permutations of these three sets of digits. Now let's consider each statement.
Each digit in each set is equally likely to be the last digit, so 4 1 of ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 ) , 4 3 of ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 ) , and 4 1 of ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) permutations are even. Each set contains 3 1 of the elements of P , so 4 1 × 3 1 + 4 3 × 3 1 + 4 1 × 3 1 = 1 2 5 of elements of P are even. 1 is false.
There are 4 ! = 2 4 permutations of each set of digits, so 2 4 × 3 = 7 2 total elements total. 2 is true.
3 is an element of 2 out of 3 sets of digits, so the probability that an element of P contains 3 is 3 2 . 3 is false.
No set contains both 2 and 5 . Including both would require a duplication of some digit. 4 is true.
The largest element of P is 7 3 2 1 and the smallest is 1 2 3 7 , so the range is 7 3 2 1 − 1 2 3 7 = 6 0 8 4 = 5 9 7 6 . 5 is false.
All sets contain 1 as an element. If 1 were not included, the smallest possible sum would be 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 1 4 > 1 3 . 6 is true.
So statements 2, 4, and 6 are true and the answer is 2 4 6