Interval in complex

Algebra Level 4

z 3 + ( 3 + 2 i ) z + ( 1 + i a ) = 0 \large z^3 + (3+2i)z + (-1+ia) = 0

For what real value of a a , does the above equation have one real root?


The answer is -0.644.

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1 solution

Kushal Bose
Nov 17, 2016

Let roots are p , q + i m , r i m p,q+im,r-im .The imaginary parts should cancels out because sum of the roots is zero.

p + q + i m + r i m = 0 p + q + r = 0 p = q r p+q+im+r-im=0 \\ \implies p+q+r=0 \\ \implies p=-q-r

new form of the roots are q r , q + i m , r i m -q-r,q+im,r-im .

now form the equation above

( q + r ) ( q + i m ) ( q + r ) ( r i m ) + ( q + i m ) ( r i m ) = 3 + 2 i ( q + r ) 2 + q r + m 2 = 3 and m ( r q ) = 2 ..........1st part -(q+r)(q+im) - (q+r)(r-im)+(q+im)(r-im)=3+2i \\ \implies -(q+r)^2 +qr +m^2=3 \,\text{and} \, m(r-q)=2 \,\,\text{..........1st part}

( q + r ) ( q + i m ) ( r i m ) = ( 1 + a i ) = 1 a i ( q + r ) ( q r + m 2 + i m ( r q ) ) = 1 a i -(q+r)(q+im)(r-im)=-(-1+ai)=1-ai \\ \implies -(q+r)(qr+m^2+im(r-q))=1-ai

So, ( q + r ) ( q r + m 2 ) = 1 and ( q + r ) m ( r q ) = a -(q+r)(qr+m^2)=1 \, \text{and}\, -(q+r)m(r-q)=-a

As from above m ( r q ) = 2 m(r-q)=2 we get q + r = a 2 q+r=\dfrac{a}{2}

Then q r + m 2 = 2 a qr+m^2=-\dfrac{2}{a}

Now putting this values in the first part:

a 2 4 2 a = 3 a 3 + 12 a + 8 -\dfrac{a^2}{4}-\dfrac{2}{a}=3 \\ \implies a^3+12a+8

Let f ( a ) = a 3 + 12 a + 8 f ( a ) = 3 ( a 2 + 4 ) > 0 f(a)= a^3+12a+8 \\ \implies f'(a)=3(a^2+4)>0

So, the above function is always increasing.

Now f ( 0 ) = 8 f(0)=8 and f ( 1 ) = 5 f(-1)=-5 .So,there is exactly one root exists in ( , ) (-\infty,\infty) .But the smallest range in the integer form is ( 1 , 0 ) (-1,0) .

So ,solving the cubic equation we can get the only value of a = 0.644 a=-0.644

Please fix the various typos. Instead of q i m q - im , you very often mean r i m r - im .


The first line is not true. While the imaginary parts do cancel out, it doesn't mean that the roots must be of the form q ± i m q \pm im . Instead, the roots are of the form q + i m , r i m q + im, r - im .

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 6 months ago

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I have fixed typos.

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 6 months ago

The question may be like - "What is the smallest interval in integer ( m , n ) (m,n) in which a should belong ?"

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 6 months ago

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I've updated the question to ask for the value of a a directly. Can you update your solution?

The final equation is solved by calculator (or if you really wanted, the cubic formula).

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 6 months ago

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