a = i = 1 ∑ ∞ 1 0 i + 1 F i ,
where F i are the Fibonacci numbers satisfying the relation F i + 1 = F i + F i − 1 with F 1 = 1 , F 2 = 1 .
Let α , β be the two (not necessarily distinct) solutions of the quadratic equation a 2 x 2 − 2 a x + 1 − a 2 = 0 .
Find the value of ∣ α 2 − β 2 ∣ .
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1 0 0 1 + 1 0 0 0 1 + 1 0 0 0 0 2 + 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 + . . . = 8 9 1
which leads to : α = 9 0 , β = 8 8 and a final answer of 9 0 2 − 8 8 2 = 3 5 6
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Let's find the generating function for the fibbonacci series :
F ( x ) = n = 1 ∑ ∞ F n x n .
Using the fact that F n = F n − 1 + F n − 2 for n ≥ 3 , we get that:
F ( x ) = F 1 x 1 + F 2 x 2 + ∑ n = 3 ∞ ( F n − 1 + F n − 2 ) x n = x + x 2 + ∑ n = 3 ∞ F n − 1 x n + ∑ n = 3 ∞ F n − 2 x n = x + x 2 + ( − x 2 + ∑ t = 1 ∞ F t x t + 1 ) + ( ∑ s = 1 ∞ F s x s + 2 ) = x + x F ( x ) + x 2 F ( x )
Thus, we get that F ( x ) = 1 − x − x 2 x .
Now, substituting in x = 1 0 1 , we obtain that
a = 1 0 1 × i = 1 ∑ ∞ 1 0 i F i = 1 0 1 F ( 1 0 1 ) = 1 0 1 × 1 − 1 0 1 − ( 1 0 1 ) 2 1 0 1 = 8 9 1 .
From this, the solutions to a 2 x 2 − 2 a x + 1 − a 2 are { α , β } = { 9 0 , 8 8 } , and so ∣ α 2 − β 2 ∣ = 9 0 2 − 8 8 2 = 3 5 6 .