Let f ( x ) = a x 2 + b x + c be a perfect square quadratic with domain x > 0 . Find a general expression for the following integral:
∫ a x 2 + b x + c 1 d x
Notation: C denotes the constant of integration .
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Rewrite f ( x ) in the form:
a ( x 2 + a b x + a c ) a ( x + 2 a b ) 2 + a c − 4 a 2 b 2
Perfect square means a c − 4 a 2 b 2 = 0 or
b 2 = 4 a c
Therefore we get:
f ( x ) = a ( x + a c )
The integral becomes ( for x > 0 ) :
∫ a ( x + a c ) 2 1 d x = ∫ a ( x + a c ) 1 d x
Which clearly evaluates to:
∫ a ( x + a c ) 1 d x = a 1 ln ( x + a c ) + c o n s t .
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I = ∫ a x 2 + b x + c 1 d x = ∫ ( a x + c ) 2 1 d x = ∫ a x + c 1 d x = ∫ a ( x + a c ) 1 d x = a 1 ln ( x + a c ) + C If f ( x ) is a perfect square ⟹ f ( x ) = ( a x + c ) 2 where C is the constant of integration.