Inverse Trigonometric Series Product!

Geometry Level 5

S n = k = 1 n arcsin ( 9 k + 2 27 k 3 + 54 k 2 + 36 k + 8 ) arctan ( 1 3 k + 1 ) \large S_n = \prod_{k=1}^n \frac{\arcsin \left( \frac{9k+2}{\sqrt{27k^3 + 54k^2 + 36k + 8}} \right) }{\arctan \left( \frac{1}{\sqrt{3k+1}} \right)}

Find the value of ln ( S 2015 ) \ln(S_{2015}) correct to three places of decimal.

Bonus: Generalize for S n , n Z + S_n, n \in \mathbb Z^+ .


The answer is 2213.703.

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2 solutions

Satyajit Mohanty
Aug 14, 2015

First note that 27 k 3 + 54 k 2 + 36 k + 8 = ( 3 k + 2 ) 3 27k^3 + 54k^2 + 36k + 8 = (3k+2)^3 .

For a fixed k k , let θ = tan 1 ( 1 3 k + 1 ) \theta = \tan^{-1} \left( \frac{1}{\sqrt{3k+1}} \right)

So, by simple trigonometry, we get θ = sin 1 ( 1 3 k + 2 ) \theta = \sin^{-1} \left( \frac{1}{\sqrt{3k+2}} \right) .

Now sin ( 3 θ ) = 3 sin ( θ ) 4 sin 3 ( θ ) = 9 k + 2 27 k 3 + 54 k 2 + 36 k + 8 \sin(3\theta) = 3\sin(\theta) - 4\sin^3(\theta) = \dfrac{9k+2}{\sqrt{27k^3 + 54k^2 + 36k + 8}} .

Therefore, we simply obtain:

S n = k = 1 n arcsin ( 9 k + 2 27 k 3 + 54 k 2 + 36 k + 8 ) arctan ( 1 3 k + 1 ) = k = 1 n 3 θ θ = k = 1 n 3 = 3 n S_n = \prod_{k=1}^n \ \dfrac{\arcsin \left( \frac{9k+2}{\sqrt{27k^3 + 54k^2 + 36k + 8}} \right) }{\arctan \left( \frac{1}{\sqrt{3k+1}} \right)} = \prod_{k=1}^n \dfrac{3\theta}{\theta} = \prod_{k=1}^n 3 = 3^n

Thus ln ( S 2015 ) = ln ( 3 2015 ) = 2015 ln ( 3 ) 2213.703 \ln(S_{2015}) = \ln(3^{2015}) = 2015\ln(3) \approx \boxed{2213.703}

Michael Mendrin
Aug 12, 2015

L o g ( S n ) = n L o g ( 3 ) Log({ S }_{ n })=nLog(3)

That complicated trigonometric expression on the right is just 3 3 . Looks like a difficult problem until it's solved.

You caught it right! Good job :D

Satyajit Mohanty - 5 years, 10 months ago

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