Irrationality with Cos functions

Is cos ( π 2 n ) \cos \left(\dfrac{\pi}{2^n}\right) rational for any integer n 2 n \ge 2 ?

Rational for some n Rational for all n Irrational for all n

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1 solution

Elliot Ede
Feb 27, 2019

Definition: An rational number can be written as the ratio between two whole numbers .Statement: cos π 2 n \cos \frac {\pi}{2^n} is irrational for all n greater than or equal to 2. Proof: The proof is by induction: consider the basis case: cos π 4 \cos \frac {\pi}{4} = 2 2 \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} so the basis case holds. Assume that cos π 2 k \cos \frac {\pi}{2^k} is irational. cos 2 π 2 k + 1 \cos \frac{2\pi}{2^{k+1}} = cos π 2 k \cos \frac {\pi}{2^k} . cos π 2 k \cos \frac {\pi}{2^k} = 2 cos 2 ( π 2 k + 1 ) 1 2\cos ^2 (\frac{\pi}{2^{k+1}})-1 . Suppose cos π 2 k + 1 \cos \frac {\pi}{2^{k+1}} = a b , a , b Z \frac{a}{b},a,b\in \mathbb{Z} . Then cos π 2 k \cos \frac {\pi}{2^k} = 2 p 2 q 2 1 \frac{2p^2}{q^2}-1 = 2 p 2 q 2 q 2 \frac{2p^2-q^2}{q^2} and we have a contradiction because cos π 2 k \cos \frac {\pi}{2^k} was assumed to be irrational. So cos p i 2 n \cos \frac {pi}{2^n} is irrational for all n greater than or equation to 2 by the principle of mathematical induction

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