What is the smallest prime number that divides 312500051?
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3 1 2 5 0 0 0 5 1 = ( 5 0 ) 5 + 5 0 + 1 .
Let 5 0 = x .
Now,
x 3 ≡ 1 ( m o d x 2 + x + 1 )
⇒ x 5 + x + 1 ≡ x 3 . x 2 + x + 1 ≡ x 2 + x + 1 ≡ 0 ( m o d x 2 + x + 1 )
Therefore x 2 + x + 1 ∣ x 7 + x + 1 .
⇒ 5 0 2 + 5 0 + 1 ∣ 5 0 5 + 5 0 + 1
⇒ 2 5 5 1 ∣ 3 1 2 5 0 0 0 5 1 .
Therefore 2 5 5 1 is the answer.