If can be represented in the form , with coprime positive integers and square free, find .
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Call the expression O .
M E T H O D 1 The value of sin ( 2 π n + 4 π ) for starting values of n is 2 1 , 2 1 , − 2 1 , − 2 1 ; 2 1 , 2 1 , − 2 1 , − 2 1 ; ⋯ .
We can form four infinite GP's by grouping 1 , 5 , 9 , 1 3 , ⋯ terms ; ; 2 , 6 , 1 0 , 1 4 , ⋯ terms ; ; 3 , 7 , 1 1 , 1 5 , ⋯ terms ; ; 4 , 8 , 1 2 , 1 6 , ⋯ terms ; ; as follows :
O = 2 1 [ n = 0 ∑ ∞ 1 6 n 1 + n = 0 ∑ ∞ 2 ⋅ 1 6 n 1 − n = 0 ∑ ∞ 4 ⋅ 1 6 n 1 − n = 0 ∑ ∞ 8 ⋅ 1 6 n 1 ]
= 2 1 ⋅ Infinite GP n = 0 ∑ ∞ 1 6 n 1 ( 1 + 2 1 − 4 1 − 8 1 )
= 5 3 2
3 + 2 + 5 = 1 0
M E T H O D 2
Use sin x = 2 i e i x − e − i x
2 i 1 ( n = 0 ∑ ∞ 2 n e i ( 2 π n + 4 π ) − n = 0 ∑ ∞ 2 n e − i ( 2 π n + 4 π ) )