Is it integer or not?

Find the number of positive integers n n between 1 and 2014 inclusive such that 8 n 9999 n \dfrac{8n}{9999-n} is an integer.

2 1 3 No solution exist

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1 solution

Chew-Seong Cheong
Dec 27, 2016

We note that for 1 n 2014 1 \le n \le 2014 , 8 n 9999 n \dfrac {8n}{9999-n} is positive and for it to be a positive integer.

8 n 9999 n 1 8 n 9999 n 9 n 9999 n 1111 \begin{aligned} \frac {8n}{9999-n} & \ge 1 \\ 8n & \ge 9999 - n \\ 9n & \ge 9999 \\ n & \ge 1111 \end{aligned}

Therefore, there is no integer solution for n < 1111 n < 1111 and when n = 1111 n = 1111 , 8 n 9999 n = 1 \dfrac {8n}{9999-n} = 1 , a solution.

We note that 8 n 9999 n \dfrac {8n}{9999-n} is an increasing function, because:

d d n ( 8 n 9999 n ) = 8 ( 9999 n ) + 8 n ( 9999 n ) 2 = 8 ( 9999 ) ( 9999 n ) 2 > 0 n \begin{aligned} \frac d{dn} \left(\frac {8n}{9999-n} \right) & = \frac {8(9999-n)+8n}{(9999-n)^2} = \frac {8(9999)}{(9999-n)^2}> 0 \ \forall \ n \end{aligned}

Since, when n = 2014 n = 2014 , 8 n 9999 n = 8 ( 2014 ) 9999 2014 2.018 \dfrac {8n}{9999-n} = \dfrac {8(2014)}{9999-2014} \approx 2.018 , the only other integer solution is 2. Let us check:

8 n 9999 n = 2 8 n = 19998 2 n 10 n = 19998 n = 1999.8 (Not an integer) \begin{aligned} \frac {8n}{9999-n} & = 2 \\ 8n & = 19998 - 2n \\ 10n & = 19998 \\ n & = 1999.8 \color{#D61F06} \text{ (Not an integer)} \end{aligned}

Therefore, there is only 1 \boxed{1} integer solution, that is 1, when n = n = 1111.

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