6 x 3 − 3 x 2 − 6 x − 4 = 0
The real root to the equation above can be written in the form c 3 a + 3 b + 1 , where a , b and c are positive integers.
Find a + b + c .
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We can work through the details which lead to Cardano's formula. "Completing the cube" makes the equation equal to ( 6 x − 1 ) 3 − 3 9 ( 6 x − 1 ) − 1 8 2 = 0 Suppose that the roots of the cubic equation X 3 − 3 9 X − 1 8 2 = 0 are given by r = u + v s = ω u + ω 2 v t = ω 2 u + ω v where ω = 2 1 ( − 1 + i 3 ) is the primitive cube root of 1 . Then since r + s + t = 0 r s + r t + s t = − 3 u v r s t = u 3 + v 3 the roots can be expressed in this way provided that u , v satisfy the equations u v = 1 3 u 3 + v 3 = 1 8 2 Thus u 3 and v 3 are roots of the quadratic 0 = X 2 − 1 8 2 X + 1 3 3 = ( X − 1 3 ) ( X − 1 6 9 ) and it is clear that we can choose u = 3 1 3 and v = 3 1 6 9 , obtaining the three roots 6 3 1 3 + 3 1 6 9 + 1 6 ω 3 1 3 + ω 2 3 1 6 9 + 1 6 ω 2 3 1 3 + ω 3 1 6 9 + 1 of the original cubic. The real root is the first of these, and so the answer is 1 3 + 1 6 9 + 6 = 1 8 8 .
Solved by using the same method, sir.There is also a similar method known as Ferrari solution to solve equations of the fourth degree.
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⟹ 6 x 3 − 3 x 2 − 6 x − 4 = 0
6 x 3 = 3 x 2 + 6 x + 4
Multiplying by 2 and adding x 3 both sides.
⟹ x 3 + 1 2 x 3 = x 3 + 6 x 2 + 1 2 x + 8
1 3 x 3 = ( x + 2 ) 3
3 1 3 x = x + 2
Dividing by x both sides.
⟹ x = 2 ( 3 1 3 − 1 1 )
x = 6 3 1 3 + 3 1 6 9 + 1
∴ a + b + c = 1 3 + 1 6 9 + 6 = 1 8 8 .
We know that: a 3 − b 3 = ( a − b ) ( a 2 + a b + b 2 )
⟹ a − b 1 = a 3 − b 3 a 2 + a b + b 2
Putting a = 3 1 3 and b = 1 .
⟹ 3 1 3 − 1 1 = ( 3 1 3 ) 3 − ( 1 ) 3 ( 3 1 3 ) 2 + 3 1 3 × 1 + ( 1 ) 2 = 1 2 3 1 3 + 3 1 6 9 + 1