A weightless rigid rod with a load at the end is hinged at point
to the walls so that it can rotate in all directions.
The rod is kept in the horizontal position by a vertical in-extensible thread of length
, fixed at its midpoint. The load receives a momentum in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the figure (which is shown below).
If the period
of small oscillations of the system can be described as
Find the value of
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Let L be the length of the rod and ℓ the length of the thread.
Let x the the horizontal distance over which the load m swings outward, and v its horizontal speed. Let y be the vertical distance over which it is displaced. Geometric constraint of the string requires ( 2 1 x ) 2 + ( ℓ − 2 1 y ) 2 = ℓ 2 ; In small angle approximation we ignore the term of order y 2 and obtain. y ≈ 4 ℓ x 2 . For the energy of the system we may therefore write E = K + U = 2 1 m v 2 + m g y = 2 1 m ( v 2 + g x 2 / 2 ℓ ) = const. . This describes harmonic motion with angular period ω = g / 2 ℓ , and period T = 2 π / ω = 2 π g 2 ℓ . Thus, k = 2 .