Is It the same problem type?

There are integers that can be expressed as x 3 + y 3 + z 3 x 2 y 2 z 2 \displaystyle \frac {x^3+y^3+z^3}{x^2y^2z^2} , where x , y , z x,y,z are positive integers. Find the sum of these integers.


The answer is 4.

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1 solution

Xuming Liang
Jan 16, 2016

Let x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = n x 2 y 2 z 2 \displaystyle x^3+y^3+z^3=nx^2y^2z^2 . We claim that n n can only be 1 , 3 1,3 , which makes the answer 4 \boxed {4} .

WLOG x y z x\le y\le z , then 3 z 3 n x 2 y 2 z 2 z n x 2 y 2 3 3z^3\ge nx^2y^2z^2\implies z\ge \dfrac {nx^2y^2}{3} . In addition, z 2 x 3 + y 3 + z 3 z 2 x 3 + y 3 z^2|x^3+y^3+z^3\implies z^2|x^3+y^3\implies x 3 + y 3 z 2 n 2 9 x 4 y 4 x^3+y^3\ge z^2\ge \dfrac {n^2}{9}x^4y^4 . Thus 2 y 3 x 3 + y 3 n 2 9 x 4 y 4 2y^3\ge x^3+y^3\ge \dfrac {n^2}{9}x^4y^4\implies 18 n 2 x 4 y 1 \frac {18}{n^2}\ge x^4y\ge 1

Hence n n can only take values 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 1,2,3,4 .

When n = 4 n=4 , ( x , y ) = ( 1 , 1 ) (x,y)=(1,1) . So the equation becomes: z 3 4 z 2 + 2 = 0 z^3-4z^2+2=0 . By the rational root test \ z 1 , 2 z\in {1,2} , both of which fail.

When n = 3 n=3 , take the solution ( x , y , z ) = ( 1 , 1 , 1 ) (x,y,z)=(1,1,1) .

When n = 2 n=2 , ( x , y ) = ( 1 , 1 ) , ( 1 , 2 ) (x,y)=(1,1), (1,2) . By plugging these into the original equation and applying the rational root test, we find that these are not valid possibilities.

When n = 1 n=1 , take ( x , y , z ) = ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) (x,y,z)=(1,2,3) .

In conclusion, 1 , 3 1,3 are the only possible values for n n .

A liitle bit error in the second line: it should be " x y z x\le y\le z ".

Anyway i have upvoted the solution as it is very impressing and that's the reason i have followed you. :)

Priyanshu Mishra - 5 years, 4 months ago

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thank you for pointing out the error :)

Xuming Liang - 5 years, 4 months ago

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