Is this Really Prime?

Algebra Level 3

There are three integers in an arithmetic progression, with the product of those numbers yielding a prime number.

Denote a , b , c a,b,c be the three integers and p p as the said prime number. With constraint p > c > b > a p>c>b>a

What is the value of ( p + a b + c ) p (p+a-b+c)^p


The answer is 8.

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2 solutions

Jaiveer Shekhawat
Nov 17, 2014

First thing to keep in mind is that 2 primes as well as 3 primes when multiplied gives a composite number(non-prime). Moreover, a prime and a composite also gives a composite number unless the number next to prime is not 1.

Thus, we can just have 1 prime no. in the given three numbers.

Now. we can't take 0 as one of our numbers.

Now, we must take the two numbers as 1 and -1 cause these are the only two which will let our prime be a prime.

Now,

( 1 ) × ( 1 ) × ( x ) (1) \times(-1) \times(x) = any prime number.

now the common difference between 1 and -1 is -2 or 2

, if it's 2 then the third number will be 3 and the product will yield us -3 (not a prime number)

thus, the common difference is -2, thus the third number is (-3).

now,

the three numbers are (-3), (-1) and (1).

Therefore,

( 1 ) × ( 1 ) × ( 3 ) (1) \times(-1) \times(-3) =3

X = ( 3 + 1 ( 1 ) + ( 3 ) ) 3 (3+1-(-1)+(-3))^{3}

X = ( 2 ) 3 (2)^{3}

X = 8 \huge{X = 8}

: P \huge{:P}

  • First, we must know any prime number only can be divided by 1 and itself . Let's use P for the prime number.
  • Proof by contradiction : if those 3 numbers in arithmetic progression are integers , we can assume ERRONEOUSLY that one of the numbers is 1 and another of them is P .
  • However, if we do this, the third number could only be a negative number. And, if a negative number multiplies 1 and P , the result will be below zero; in other words: not a prime.

  • After that, we observe that we must have two negative integers, so the final result stay as positive prime integer P .

  • It implies that one of the numbers still must be 1 , other one must be -P , and the other one must be -1 (so it multiplies with 1 and -P resulting in a positive prime integer).
  • With this, we know there is a arithmetic progression with 2nd term -1 and 3rd term 1 . As we can easily see, the first term will be -3 . It implies that: P = 3 = > P = 3 -P = -3 => P = 3 .

  • Afterwards, we only need to replace the three terms and the prime in X = ( P + a b + c ) P X = (P + a - b + c)^{P} .
    X = [ 3 + ( 3 ) ( 1 ) + 1 ] 3 X = [3 + (-3) - (-1) + 1]^{3} X = 2 3 = 8 X = 2^{3} = 8 .

PS: i know the first part got a little messy, so you can ask anything and i'll try to help you out. I'm sorry, english is not my first language, and it is a really bit hard to develop an extense (and a little complex) induction with mathematic terms that I am still learning. Feel free to say anything you want about the solution. I'm here to help xD

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