Is this number a perfect square?

Is the following number 11 11 2018 22 22 2019 5 \underbrace{11\dots11}_{2018}\underbrace{22\dots22}_{2019}5 a perfect square?

No Yes

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3 solutions

Mark Hennings
May 15, 2019

For any integer N N consider the number S N = 111 1 × N 222 2 × ( N + 1 ) 5 S_N \; = \; \underbrace{111\cdots1}_{\times N}\underbrace{222\cdots2}_{\times (N+1)}5 for then S N = 1 0 N 1 9 × 1 0 N + 2 + 2 1 0 N + 1 1 9 × 10 + 5 = 1 9 1 0 2 N + 2 1 9 1 0 N + 2 + 2 9 1 0 N + 2 20 9 + 5 = 1 9 ( 1 0 2 N + 2 + 1 0 N + 2 + 25 ) = 1 9 ( 1 0 N + 1 + 5 ) 2 \begin{aligned} S_N & = \; \frac{10^N-1}{9} \times 10^{N+2} + 2\frac{10^{N+1}-1}{9}\times10 + 5 \\ & = \; \tfrac1910^{2N+2} - \tfrac1910^{N+2} + \tfrac2910^{N+2} - \tfrac{20}{9} + 5 \\ & = \; \tfrac19\left(10^{2N+2} + 10^{N+2} + 25\right) \; = \; \tfrac19\left(10^{N+1} + 5\right)^2 \end{aligned} and hence S N S_N is the square of 1 3 ( 1 0 N + 1 + 5 ) \tfrac13\big(10^{N+1} + 5\big) .

Thank you, nice and logical solution.

Hana Wehbi - 2 years ago
Hana Wehbi
May 15, 2019

First Solution: \textbf{First Solution:}

Similar to @Mark Hennings solution :

Let N = 11 11 2018 × 1 0 2020 + 22 22 2019 × 10 + 5 N= \underbrace{11\dots11}_{2018}\times10^{2020}+\underbrace{22\dots22}_{2019}\times10+5

N = 1 9 ( 1 0 2018 1 ) × 1 0 2020 + 2 9 ( 1 0 2019 1 ) × 10 + 5 N= \frac{1}{9}(10^{2018}-1)\times10^{2020}+\frac{2}{9}(10^{2019}-1)\times10+5

N = 1 9 ( 1 0 4038 + 2 × 5 × 1 0 2019 + 25 ) = [ 1 3 ( 1 0 2019 + 5 ) 2 ] N=\frac{1}{9}(10^{4038}+2\times5\times10^{2019}+25)=[\frac{1}{3}(10^{2019}+5)^2]

N = ( 1 00 00 2018 5 3 ) 2 = ( 33 33 2018 5 ) 2 N=\Big(\large\frac{1\overbrace{00\dots00}^{2018}5}{3}\Big)^2=(\underbrace{33\dots33}_{2018}5)^2 , hence N N is a perfect square.

Second Solution: \textbf{Second Solution:}

Note that 9 N = 1 00 00 2017 1 00 00 2018 25 = 1 0 4038 + 1 0 2020 + 25 = ( 1 0 2019 + 5 ) 2 N 9N= 1\underbrace{00\dots00}_{2017}1\underbrace{00\dots00}_{2018}25=10^{4038}+10^{2020}+25=(10^{2019}+5)^2\implies N is a perfect square.

Third Solution : \textbf{Third Solution}:

There is a lemma that states: (and it was the inspiration to the problem)

Let b b be an integer greater than 5 5 . For each positive integer n n , consider the number:

x n = 11 1 n 1 22 2 n 5 x_n=\underbrace{11\dots1}_{n-1}\underbrace{22\dots2}_{n}5

written in base b b . Then the following holds true if and only if b = 10 b=10 ; that there exists a positive integer M M such that for every integer n n greater than M M , the number x n x_n is a perfect square.

Mr. India
May 15, 2019

My logic : nobody just comes with a 4038 digit number and asks whether it is a perfect square, so it must be a perfect square :p

yeah, you are right.

Hana Wehbi - 2 years ago

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