A challenging integral

Calculus Level 5

Find the value of

4 5 e ( x + 5 ) 2 d x 1 3 2 3 e 9 ( x 2 3 ) 2 d x . \dfrac{\displaystyle \int_{-4}^{-5} e^{(x+5)^2}dx}{\displaystyle \int_{\frac{1}{3}}^{\frac{2}{3}} e^{9\left(x-\frac{2}{3}\right)^2} dx}.

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The answer is -3.

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3 solutions

Sandeep Bhardwaj
Nov 23, 2014

We change the limits to 0 0 and 1 1 , using a b f ( x ) . d x = ( b a ) 0 1 f ( ( b a ) x + a ) . d x \int_{a}^b f(x).dx=(b-a) \int_{0}^1 f((b-a)x+a).dx Now let I 1 = 4 5 e ( x + 5 ) 2 . d x I_1=\int_{-4}^{-5} e^{(x+5)^2}.dx

I 1 = ( 5 + 4 ) 0 1 e ( ( 5 + 4 ) x 4 + 5 ) 2 d x . \implies I_1=(-5+4) \int_{0}^1 e^{((-5+4)x-4+5)^2}dx.

I 1 = 0 1 e ( x 1 ) 2 . d x \quad \implies I_1=-\int_{0}^1 e^{(x-1)^2}.dx ............................ I

Now let I 2 = 1 3 2 3 e 9. ( x 2 3 ) 2 . d x I_2 =\displaystyle \int_{\frac{1}{3}}^{\frac{2}{3}} e^{9.(x-\frac{2}{3})^2} .dx

I 2 = ( 2 3 1 3 ) 0 1 e 9. ( ( 2 3 1 3 ) x + 1 3 2 3 ) 2 . d x \implies I_2= (\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{3}) \displaystyle \int_{0}^1 e^{9. \left( (\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{3})x+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3} \right)^2} .dx

I 2 = 1 3 0 1 e ( x 1 ) 2 . d x \quad \implies I_2= \frac{1}{3} \int_{0}^1 e^{(x-1)^2}.dx ..................................... II

Dividig I by II :: I 1 I 2 = 0 1 e ( x 1 ) 2 . d x 1 3 0 1 e ( x 1 ) 2 . d x = 3 \frac{I_1}{I_2}=\frac{-\int_{0}^1 e^{(x-1)^2}.dx}{\frac{1}{3} \int_{0}^1 e^{(x-1)^2}.dx}=\boxed{-3}

Awesome. What a use of the property !!!

Maths Mathematics - 6 years, 6 months ago

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Exactly! Seeing the numerator first, I was first scared a bit as e x 2 e^{x^{2}} is non-integrable.

Pranjal Jain - 6 years, 6 months ago

Take a look at my solution , by my method , it can be solved in a line ......... :)

Aniket Sanghi - 4 years, 10 months ago

i think the answer should be 3, both the terms numerator and denominator are always positivr so their integral is also always positive how can their division be negative.

Adarsh Agrawal - 3 years, 3 months ago

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In the numerator the integral takes place in negative direction ( from -4 to -5 ) so the ratio is negative

Arghyadeep Chatterjee - 2 years, 11 months ago
Aditya Vikram
Nov 23, 2014

let us take x+5=y, so LL=1,UL=0 ; and dx=dy and let 9(x-2/3)^2=(3x-2)^2 therefore we can assume 3x-2=t, so LL=-1,UL=0 ;and dx=dt/3 e^x^2 is similar on both sides of y axis, hence numerator and denominator are similar integrals, so it can be manipulated as -I/I/3=-3

What do you mean by LL and UL?

Anonymous Known - 6 years, 6 months ago

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Lower limit and upper limit of integration

Murugesh M - 6 years, 6 months ago

Never mind. I figured it out.

Anonymous Known - 6 years, 6 months ago
Aniket Sanghi
Aug 17, 2016

We see that both are of form e x 2 {e}^{x^2} .

In First one Substitute x + 5 = t x + 5 = t .

In second one substitute 2 3 x = t 3 \frac{2}{3} - x = \frac{t}{3}

Rest all you can do :)

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