Triangle is isosceles with base length = 2. The two incircles are mutually tangent.
If , what is ? Express this ratio as , where are positive integers and is square-free, and submit .
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Let D B = a . Then C D = 2 a and C A = 3 a . Let D N = h be the altitude from D to A B . By similar triangle, we have the altitude C M = 3 h . By Pythagorean theorem ,
⎩ ⎨ ⎧ a = D N 2 + N B 2 = h 2 + 9 1 b = D N 2 + A N 2 = h 2 + 9 2 5 = a 2 + 3 8 ⟹ h = a 2 − 9 1
And the radii of the two circles are:
⎩ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎧ r 1 = 2 1 ( 3 a + 2 a + b ) 2 1 ( 2 ⋅ 3 h − 2 ⋅ h ) = 5 a + b 4 h = 1 5 a + 9 a 2 + 2 4 4 9 a 2 − 1 r 2 = 2 1 ( a + b + 2 ) 2 1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ h = a + b + 2 2 h = 3 a + 9 a 2 + 2 4 + 6 2 9 a 2 − 1
Let the centers of the upper and lower circles be O and P respectively, the point where the two circles are tangent to each other be L , ∠ C A D = ϕ and ∠ D A B = θ . Consider the length of A L :
O L ⋅ cot 2 ∠ C A D r 1 cot 2 ϕ 9 a 2 + 2 4 − 3 a 4 2 ( 3 a + 9 a 2 + 2 4 + 6 ) ( 9 a 2 + 2 4 − 5 ) ( a − 1 ) ( 3 a + 1 ) ( 9 a 2 + 2 4 − 3 a − 4 ) ⟹ a = L P ⋅ cot 2 ∠ D A B = r 2 cot 2 θ = ( 3 a + 9 a 2 + 2 4 + 6 ) ( 9 a 2 + 2 4 − 5 ) 2 ( 9 a 2 − 1 ) = ( 9 a 2 − 1 ) ( 9 a 2 + 2 4 − 3 a ) = 0 = 1 , ± 3 1 Using tan 2 α = sin α 1 − cos α
The acceptable solution is a = 1 . Then
r 2 r 1 = 1 5 + 9 a 2 + 2 4 2 ( 3 a + 9 a 2 + 2 4 + 6 ) = 1 5 + 3 3 2 ( 9 + 3 3 ) = 1 6 1 7 − 3 3
The required answer is 1 7 + 3 3 + 1 6 = 6 6 .