An electricity and magnetism problem by Abhay Tiwari

In the following problem, the switch is closed at t = 0 t=0 , then at t = t=\infty . What will be the charge store in capacitor C 2 C_{2} ?

Take C = 1 F C=1F .

35 ÷ 4 35\div4 25 ÷ 4 25\div4 50 ÷ 4 50\div4 105 ÷ 4 105\div4

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1 solution

Scott Wiley
Sep 12, 2020

There are actually TWO answers to this problem, as it is not indicated how the potential differences (given) are measured. To find the initial charge on each capacitor, we multiply it's capacitance by the potential difference. Therefore, C 1 C_1 holds 5 Coulombs while C 2 C_2 holds 30 Coulombs.

Case I: IF the left side of each capacitor in the open circuit is positive, then when the switch is closed there will be a net charge of 25 Coulombs ( - 5 + 30) on the plates facing the switch, and -25 Coulombs on the opposite plates. The potential differences across each capacitor now must be equal, but since C 2 C_2 has three time the capacitance of C 1 C_1 , it must hold three times the charge. Therefore, it holds 3 4 \frac{3}{4} of 25 25 = 75 ÷ 4 75\div4

Case 2: IF the left side of the first capacitor is positive, but the left side of the second capacitor is negative, then the plates that face the switch will carry a net charge of -35 Coulombs ( - 5 + - 30) while the opposite plates carry +35 Coulombs. Again, C 2 C_2 carries three times the charges so it holds 3 4 \frac{3}{4} of 35 35 = 105 ÷ 4 105\div4

Why, in the first case, 3/4 of 25(charge facing switch) is taken, and in the second case, 3/4 of 35(charge away from switch) is taken?

Atin Gupta - 4 months ago

It doesn’t matter whether the net charge is “facing switch” (on inside plates shown in diagram) or “away from switch” (on outside plates shown). The magnitude of that charge will be the same, that is +25 C or -25 C in case 1, and +35 C or -35 C in case 2. The polarity depends on the way the charged capacitors were arranged when the problem began. I just took the positive value. When you talk of how much charge a capacitor holds, that is how it is expressed. (Technically, a charged capacitor has a net charge of 0.)

If your question is asking, “Why 3/4?”, the answer is that the 3 C capacitor will hold 3 times as much charge as the 1 C capacitor when they have the same potential difference across them. With a 3:1 ratio, if you consider the net charge, one will hold 3/4th and the other 1/4th.

Scott Wiley - 4 months ago

Thanks for explaining this to me!!

Atin Gupta - 4 months ago

1 pending report

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