There is a 3rd degree polynomial P ( x ) , such that
P ( 1 ) P ( 2 ) P ( 3 ) P ( 4 ) = 2 0 1 8 = 2 0 1 8 = 2 0 1 8 = 1 9 8 2
What is P ( 0 ) ?
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We note that P ( x ) = k ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) + 2 0 1 8 satisfies P ( 1 ) = P ( 2 ) = P ( 3 ) = 2 0 1 8 . If P ( 4 ) = 1 9 8 2 , then:
k ( 4 − 1 ) ( 4 − 2 ) ( 4 − 3 ) + 2 0 1 8 6 k ⟹ k ⟹ P ( x ) P ( 0 ) = 1 9 8 2 = 1 9 8 2 − 2 0 1 8 = − 6 = 2 0 1 8 − 6 ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) = 2 0 1 8 − 6 ( − 6 ) = 2 0 5 4
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Define Q ( x ) such that Q ( x ) = P ( x ) − 2 0 1 8 .
Thus,
Q ( 1 ) = 0
Q ( 2 ) = 0
Q ( 3 ) = 0
Q ( 4 ) = − 3 6
Because Q ( 1 ) = 0 , then ( x − 1 ) is a factor of the polynomial Q ( x ) . The same logic holds for Q ( 2 ) and Q ( 3 ) .
Since Q ( x ) is a three degree polynomial, (as we know from P ( x ) ), then Q ( x ) = h ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) , where h is some constant.
Plugging x = 4 in, we get h = − 6 ⟶ Q ( x ) = − 6 ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 )
Therefore, P ( x ) = Q ( x ) + 2 0 1 8 = − 6 ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 ) + 2 0 1 8 .
Plugging in x = 0 , we get an answer of 3 6 + 2 0 1 8 = 2 0 5 4