It is as tough as it looks

Calculus Level 4

Let A = 9 + x 2 3 x 2 + 16 + x 2 4 x 2 {A=\sqrt { 9+x^{ 2 }-3x\sqrt { 2 } } +\sqrt { 16+x^{ 2 }-4x\sqrt { 2 } }} .

The value of x x ^* such that d d x A = 0 {\frac { d }{ dx } A=0} can be expressed as x = a b c . x^* = \frac { a\sqrt { b } }{ c }. Then find a + b + c a + b + c .


The answer is 21.

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5 solutions

Discussions for this problem are now closed

Deepanshu Gupta
Dec 22, 2014

Note: I previously Posted Similiar Solution some time ago So here I only copy Paste it :) "Let's Do some geometric ! Let's The given expression in question be E Now Inter-prate that This expression is written in form of cosine law . According to figure :

Figure Figure

E = AD + DC and By Triangle inequality in Triangle ADC : A D + D C A C AD\quad +\quad DC\quad \ge \quad AC .

And For calculating AC note that Triangle ABC is right angled triangle. So By Pythogoras Theoram : A C = 5 AC = 5 . E m i n = A m i n = 5 { E }_{ min }\quad =\quad { A }_{ min }\quad =\quad 5\quad \quad \quad . "

For Calculating Value of 'x' Let's Redraw the diagram , Now 'D' must lies on AC for to minimizes The given expression (Condition for Triangle equality )

A r e a ( Δ A D B ) + A r e a ( Δ C D B ) = A r e a ( Δ A B C ) 1 2 ( 4 x ) sin ( 45 ) + 1 2 ( 3 x ) sin ( 45 ) = 1 2 ( 4 ) ( 3 ) sin ( 90 ) x = 12 2 7 Area(\Delta ADB)+Area(\Delta CDB)\quad =\quad Area(\Delta ABC)\\ \cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } (4x)\sin { (45) } \quad +\quad \cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } (3x)\sin { (45) } =\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } (4)(3)\sin { (90) } \\ \boxed { x\quad =\quad \cfrac { 12\sqrt { 2 } }{ 7 } } .

Chew-Seong Cheong
Dec 21, 2014

A = 9 + x 2 3 x 2 + 16 + x 2 4 x 2 A = \sqrt{9+x^2-3x\sqrt{2}} + \sqrt{16+x^2-4x\sqrt{2}}

d d x A = 1 2 ( 2 x 3 2 ) x 2 3 2 x + 9 + 1 2 ( 2 x 4 2 ) x 2 4 2 x + 16 \frac {d}{dx} A = \dfrac {\frac {1}{2} (2x - 3\sqrt{2})} {\sqrt{x^2-3\sqrt{2}x + 9} } + \dfrac {\frac {1}{2} (2x - 4\sqrt{2})} {\sqrt{x^2-4\sqrt{2}x + 16} }

= x 3 2 ( x 3 2 ) 2 + 9 2 + x 2 2 ( x 2 2 ) 2 + 8 = 0 \quad \quad \space = \dfrac {x - \frac {3}{\sqrt{2}}} {\sqrt{(x-\frac {3} {\sqrt{2}})^2 + \frac {9}{2}} } + \dfrac {x - 2\sqrt{2}} {\sqrt{(x-2\sqrt{2})^2 + 8}} = 0

x 3 2 ( x 3 2 ) 2 + 9 2 = x 2 2 ( x 2 2 ) 2 + 8 \Rightarrow \dfrac {x - \frac {3}{\sqrt{2}}} {\sqrt{(x-\frac {3} {\sqrt{2}})^2 + \frac {9}{2}} } = - \dfrac {x - 2\sqrt{2}} {\sqrt{(x-2\sqrt{2})^2 + 8}}

( x 3 2 ) 2 + 9 2 x 3 2 = ( x 2 2 ) 2 + 8 x 2 2 \Rightarrow \dfrac {\sqrt{(x-\frac {3} {\sqrt{2}})^2 + \frac {9}{2}} } {x - \frac {3}{\sqrt{2}}} = - \dfrac {\sqrt{(x-2\sqrt{2})^2 + 8}} {x - 2\sqrt{2}}

( ( x 3 2 ) 2 + 9 2 x 3 2 ) 2 = ( ( x 2 2 ) 2 + 8 x 2 2 ) 2 \Rightarrow \left( \dfrac {\sqrt{(x-\frac {3} {\sqrt{2}})^2 + \frac {9}{2}} } {x - \frac {3}{\sqrt{2}}} \right)^2 = \left(- \dfrac {\sqrt{(x-2\sqrt{2})^2 + 8}} {x - 2\sqrt{2}} \right)^2

1 + 9 2 ( x 3 2 ) 2 = 1 + 8 ( x 2 2 ) 2 \Rightarrow 1 + \dfrac {\frac {9}{2}} {\left( x - \frac {3}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2 } = 1 + \dfrac {8} {\left( x - 2\sqrt{2} \right)^2}

9 2 ( x 3 2 ) 2 = 8 ( x 2 2 ) 2 \Rightarrow \dfrac {\frac {9}{2}} {\left( x - \frac {3}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2 } = \dfrac {8} {\left( x - 2\sqrt{2} \right)^2}

9 ( x 2 2 ) 2 = 16 ( x 3 2 ) 2 3 ( x 2 2 ) = ± 4 ( x 3 2 ) \Rightarrow 9 \left( x - 2\sqrt{2} \right)^2 = 16 \left( x - \frac {3}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2 \quad \Rightarrow 3 \left( x - 2\sqrt{2} \right) = \pm 4 \left( x - \frac {3}{\sqrt{2}}\right)

{ 3 ( x 2 2 ) = 4 ( x 3 2 ) x = 0 3 ( x 2 2 ) = 4 ( x 3 2 ) x = 12 2 7 \Rightarrow \begin {cases} 3 \left( x - 2\sqrt{2} \right) = 4 \left( x - \frac {3}{\sqrt{2}}\right) &\Rightarrow x = 0 \\ 3 \left( x - 2\sqrt{2} \right) = - 4 \left( x - \frac {3}{\sqrt{2}}\right) & \Rightarrow x = \dfrac {12\sqrt{2}} {7} \end {cases}

a = 12 \Rightarrow a = 12 , b = 2 b=2 and c = 7 a + b + c = 12 + 2 + 7 = 21 c=7\quad \Rightarrow a+b+c = 12+2+7 = \boxed{21}

Differential calculus is how I normally do minimisation problems anyway, so this isn't too painful.

Jake Lai - 6 years, 5 months ago

Sir,Its my humble request to you to simplify your 1st step i.e please specify how you used chain rule and all.

Mehul Chaturvedi - 6 years, 5 months ago
Rajen Kapur
Dec 22, 2014

Given that first differential is zero, A being constant be geometrically a straight line formed by the third sides of two triangles, both having 45deg angles between 3 and x and between x and 4, as cosine formula if applied forms the given expression in x . Cumulatively, angle between 3 and 4 is 90deg , giving A = 5 hypotenuse. Now x is the length of angle bisector of right - angle of this right-angled triangle to be calculated using sine formula for each of the triangles to give a = 12, b = 2 and c = 7.

You should first differentiate it as given in question

Mehul Chaturvedi - 6 years, 5 months ago

excellent sir!

Mohanish Mayank - 6 years, 5 months ago
Ajit Athle
Dec 22, 2014

Consider points P:(x,0), A:(3/√2,3/√2) and B;(2√2,2√2). Now PA + PB =√(x²-3x√2+9)+√(x²-4x√2+16). Now consider a reflection of point A in the x-axis at A': (3/√2, -3/√2). Wherever BA' intersects with the x-axis, at that x, (PA+PB) or the given expression will be minimum giving us the necessary value of x as 12√2/7.

excellent sir u used the distance minimizing problem as a tool!

Mohanish Mayank - 6 years, 5 months ago
Akshay Bodhare
Dec 22, 2014

we can also consider two vectors, the given expression is addition of magnitude of two vectors which is always greater than or equal to magnitude of their resultant. using this,we find value of x for which the two vectors have are collinear, that is the answer

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