It only looks simple!

Consider a square loop of side length l l and each side having mass m m carrying a current i i placed in the plane of an infinitely large wire at a distance d d from it. The wire carries a current I I .

The axis of the loop shown is fixed. Now, we rotate the loop by a small angle. Find the time period of oscillations of the loop in Seconds . Below is the figure and details :

l = 10 cm , d = 10 cm , I = 50 A , i = 4 A , m = 30 g l = 10 \text{cm}, d = 10 \text{cm}, I = 50 A, i = 4A, m = 30 g

Details and assumptions

The answer to this physics problem is a real number.


The answer is 45.886.

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2 solutions

Ronak Agarwal
Jul 23, 2014

What a question!. I spent almost half an hour to solve this question and that also after a failed attempt.

Side View Side View

First note that on left wire the force would be attractive and on the right wire the force will be repulsive. As we rotate the the loop through a small angle θ \theta we will have a top view as shown below.

Top view Top view

T o r q u e = τ = l 2 ( F 1 s i n θ 1 + F 2 s i n θ 2 ) w h e r e θ 1 = A B C a n d θ 2 = A D C . Torque=\tau =\frac { l }{ 2 } ({ F }_{ 1 }sin{ \theta }_{ 1 }+{ F }_{ 2 }sin{ \theta }_{ 2 })\quad where\quad { \theta }_{ 1 }=\angle ABC\quad and\\ { \theta }_{ 2 }=\angle ADC.

Also since θ \theta is very small we have A B d AB\approx d and A D d + l AD\approx d+l

First we will find F 1 { F }_{ 1 } and F 2 { F }_{ 2 }

F 1 = B 1 i l = μ 0 I i l 2 π d , F 2 = B 2 i l = μ 0 I i l 2 π ( d + l ) { F }_{ 1 }={ B }_{ 1 }il=\frac { { \mu }_{ 0 }Iil }{ 2\pi d } ,{ F }_{ 2 }={ B }_{ 2 }il=\frac { { \mu }_{ 0 }Iil }{ 2\pi (d+l) }

Now we will find θ 1 { \theta }_{ 1 } and θ 2 { \theta }_{ 2 }

Applying sine rule in triangle ABC we have:

A C s i n θ 1 = A B s i n θ s i n θ 1 = s i n θ ( d + l / 2 d ) ( i ) \frac { AC }{ sin{ \theta }_{ 1 } } =\frac { AB }{ sin\theta } \quad \Rightarrow sin{ \theta }_{ 1 }=sin\theta (\frac { d+l/2 }{ d } ) \quad (i)

Applying sine rule in triangle ADC we have :

A C s i n θ 2 = A D s i n ( π θ ) A C s i n θ 2 = A D s i n θ s i n θ 2 = s i n θ ( d + l / 2 d + l ) ( i i ) \frac { AC }{ sin{ \theta }_{ 2 } } =\frac { AD }{ sin(\pi -\theta ) } \quad \Rightarrow \frac { AC }{ sin{ \theta }_{ 2 } } =\frac { AD }{ sin\theta } \quad \Rightarrow sin{ \theta }_{ 2 }=sin\theta (\frac { d+l/2 }{ d+l } ) \quad (ii)

Now putting the values of F 1 , F 2 , s i n θ 1 , s i n θ 2 { F }_{ 1 },{ F }_{ 2 },sin{ \theta }_{ 1 },sin{ \theta }_{ 2 } we have :

I α = τ = ( l 2 ( μ 0 I i l 2 π d θ ( d + l / 2 ) d + μ 0 I i l 2 π ( d + l ) θ ( d + l / 2 ) ( d + l ) ) ) ( S i n c e s i n θ θ ) I\alpha =\tau =-(\frac { l }{ 2 } (\frac { { \mu }_{ 0 }Iil }{ 2\pi d } \frac { \theta (d+l/2) }{ d } +\frac { { \mu }_{ 0 }Iil }{ 2\pi (d+l) } \frac { \theta (d+l/2) }{ (d+l) } ))\quad (Since\quad sin\theta \approx \theta )

One thing left to calculate is I I

Using theorom of parellel axes we have :

I z = 4 ( m l 2 4 + m l 2 12 ) = 4 m l 2 3 { I }_{ z }=4(\frac { m{ l }^{ 2 } }{ 4 } +\frac { m{ l }^{ 2 } }{ 12 } )=\frac { 4m{ l }^{ 2 } }{ 3 }

Using therom of perpendicular axes we have:

I x + I y = I z { I }_{ x }+{ I }_{ y }={ I }_{ z } and since I x = I y { I }_{ x }={ I }_{ y } we have I x = I z 2 = 2 m l 2 3 { I }_{ x }=\frac { { I }_{ z } }{ 2 } =\frac { 2m{ l }^{ 2 } }{ 3 }

Putting this into our original equation we have :

α = ( ( 3 μ 0 I i 8 π m ) ( d + l / 2 ) ( 1 d 2 + 1 ( d + l ) 2 ) ) θ \alpha =-((\frac { { 3\mu }_{ 0 }Ii }{ 8\pi m } )(d+l/2)(\frac { 1 }{ { d }^{ 2 } } +\frac { 1 }{ { (d+l) }^{ 2 } } ))\theta

ω = ( 3 μ 0 I i 8 π m ) ( d + l / 2 ) ( 1 d 2 + 1 ( d + l ) 2 ) \Rightarrow \omega =\sqrt { (\frac { { 3\mu }_{ 0 }Ii }{ 8\pi m } )(d+l/2)(\frac { 1 }{ { d }^{ 2 } } +\frac { 1 }{ { (d+l) }^{ 2 } } ) } and T = 2 π ω T=\frac { 2\pi }{ \omega }

Put the values and we get T = 45.88 s e c \boxed { T=45.88\quad sec }

Can you please explain how you calculated the M.I?

Tushar Gopalka - 6 years, 10 months ago

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Take the plane of the square frame to be xy-plane and line perpendicular to it passing through the centre of the square to be z-axis. Now you refer to what I have given in the solution.

First I have multiplied by 4 times the moment of inertia of each rod,which can be found out using parellel axes theorom. Then apply perpendicular axes theorom and we are done.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 10 months ago

Awesome solution

Tushar Gopalka - 6 years, 10 months ago

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Can we do this question by energy considerations?

Atri Dutta - 6 years, 1 month ago

Ya good question.But a similar one is from INPHO-2013.I solved that one so this one was quite easy

Spandan Senapati - 4 years, 3 months ago
Spandan Senapati
Mar 14, 2017

The torque along the Y axis is given by U ( o ) I i ( a 2 + b 2 ) 2 a b 2 s i n @ / π ( ( a 2 b 2 ) 2 + 4 a 2 b 2 s i n 2 @ ) U(o)Ii(a^2+b^2)2ab^2sin@/π((a^2-b^2)^2+4a^2b^2sin^2@) where 2 b = L 2b=L and a is the distance between the axes ( a = 15 c m ) (a=15cm) .For small displacements the ( s i n @ ) 2 (sin@)^2 term can be neglected and so the motion is almost Simple Harmonic.The moment of Inertia can be calculated easily and it is I = 2 m L 2 / 3 I=2mL^2/3 from parallel axis theorem.Solving w = 3 U ( o ) I i a / 4 m π ( 4 a 2 + L 2 ) / ( 4 a 2 L 2 ) w=√3U(o)Iia/4mπ(4a^2+L^2)/(4a^2-L^2) and T = 2 π / w T=2π/w = 45.885 45.885 sec....Here @ @ represents small angular displacement.

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