It's a number

Calculus Level 4

Given a curve f ( x ) = x x f(x)=x^x and a line perpendicular to the curve at a point ( 20 , 2 0 20 ) \left(20,20^{20}\right) , find the point of intersection of the line and x x -axis.

Type your answer as the number of digits of the value of the x x -coordinate of the point.


The answer is 53.

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1 solution

The curve : f ( x ) = x x Gradient of the curve : f ( x ) = d d x x x = d d x e x ln x = e x ln x d d x x ln x = x x ( ln x + 1 ) Gradient at ( 20 , 2 0 20 ) : f ( 20 ) = 2 0 20 ( ln 20 + 1 ) Gradient of perpendicular : 1 f ( 20 ) = 1 2 0 20 ( ln 20 + 1 ) Equation of line : y 2 0 20 x 20 = 1 2 0 20 ( ln 20 + 1 ) x 20 2 0 20 y = 2 0 20 ( ln 20 + 1 ) At the x-axis, y = 0 : x 0 20 2 0 20 0 = 2 0 20 ( ln 20 + 1 ) x 0 = 2 0 40 ( ln 20 + 1 ) + 20 Number of digits of x 0 : n = log 10 2 0 40 ln 20 + 1 = 40 log 20 + log ( ln 20 ) + 1 = 52.04119983 + 0.476502998 + 1 = 52 + 1 = 53 \begin{aligned} \text{The curve}: \quad f(x) & = x^x \\ \text{Gradient of the curve}: \quad f'(x) & = \frac{d}{dx} x^x = \frac{d}{dx} e^{x \ln x} \\ & = e^{x \ln x} \frac{d}{dx} x \ln x \\ & = x^x (\ln x + 1) \\ \text{Gradient at }(20,20^{20}): \quad f'(20) & = 20^{20} (\ln 20 + 1) \\ \text{Gradient of perpendicular}: \quad - \frac{1}{f'(20)} & = - \frac{1}{20^{20} (\ln 20 + 1)} \\ \text{Equation of line}: \quad \frac{y-20^{20}}{x-20} & = - \frac{1}{20^{20} (\ln 20 + 1)} \\ \frac{x-20}{20^{20}-y} & = 20^{20} (\ln 20 + 1) \\ \text{At the x-axis, } y=0: \quad \frac{x_0-20}{20^{20}-0} & = 20^{20} (\ln 20 + 1) \\ \Rightarrow x_0 & = 20^{40} (\ln 20 + 1) + 20 \\ \text{Number of digits of }x_0: \quad n & = \left \lfloor \log_{10} 20^{40} \ln 20 \right \rfloor + 1 \\ & = \left \lfloor 40 \log 20 + \log (\ln 20) \right \rfloor + 1 \\ & = \left \lfloor 52.04119983 + 0.476502998 \right \rfloor + 1 \\ & = 52 + 1 = \boxed{53} \end{aligned}

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